全文获取类型
收费全文 | 478篇 |
免费 | 15篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 329篇 |
晶体学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 4篇 |
数学 | 52篇 |
物理学 | 104篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 8篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1944年 | 3篇 |
1933年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有495条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
1.
Aidan Mooney John G. Keating Daniel M. Heffernan 《Chaos, solitons, and fractals》2006,30(5):1088-1097
A digital watermark is a visible, or preferably invisible, identification code that is permanently embedded in digital media, to prove owner authentication and provide protection for documents. Given the interest in watermark generation using chaotic functions a detailed study of one chaotic function for this purpose is performed. In this paper, we present an approach for the generation of watermarks using the logistic map. Using this function, in conjunction with seed management, it is possible to generate chaotic sequences that may be used to create highpass or lowpass digital watermarks. In this paper we provide a detailed study on the generation of optically detectable watermarks and we provide some guidelines on successful chaotic watermark generation using the logistic map, and show using a recently published scheme, how care must be taken in the selection of the function seed. 相似文献
2.
Thomas Pautzsch Elisabeth Klemm 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(12):2911-2919
Poly{bis(4,4′‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)–(2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐diyl‐[1,4‐phenylene])–ruthenium(II)bishexafluorophosphate} ( 3a ), poly{bis(4,4′‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)–(2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐diyl‐[1,4‐phenylene])–ruthenium(II)bishexafluorophosphate} ( 3b ), and poly{bis(2,2′‐bipyridine)–(2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐diyl‐[1,4‐phenylene])–ruthenium(II)bishexafluorophosphate} ( 3c ) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The alternating structure of the copolymers was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The polymers showed, by ultraviolet–visible, the π–π* absorption of the polymer backbone (320–380 nm) and at a lower energy attributed to the d–π* metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer absorption (450 nm for linear 3a and 480 nm for angular 3b ). The polymers were characterized by a monomodal molecular weight distribution. The degree of polymerization was approximately 8 for polymer 3b and 28 for polymer 3d . © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2911–2919, 2004 相似文献
3.
Marit Seifert Stephanie Hesse Vasken Kabrelian Dieter Klemm 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(3):463-470
For the modification of medically useful biomaterials from bacterially synthesized cellulose, fleeces of Acetobacter xylinum have been produced in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (m/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), respectively, in the Hestrin-Schramm culture medium. The incorporation of the water-soluble polymers into cellulose and their influence on the structure, crystal modifications, and material properties are described. With IR and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of the fleeces, the presence of the cellulose ethers and an increase in the amorphous parts of the cellulose modifications (NMR results) have been detected. The incorporation is represented by a higher product yield, too. As demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, a porelike cellulose network structure forms in the presence of CMC and MC. This modified structure increases the water retention ability (expressed as the water content), the ion absorption capacity, and the remaining nitrogen-containing residues from the culture medium or bacteria cells. The water content of bacterial cellulose (BC) in the never dried state and the freeze-dried, reswollen state can be controlled by the CMC concentration in the culture solution. The freeze-dried, reswollen BC-CMC (2.0%) contains 96% water after centrifugation, whereas standard BC has only 73%. About 98% water is included in a BC-MC composite in the wet state, and about 93% is included in the reswollen state synthesized in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% MC. These biomaterial composites can be stored in the dried state and reswollen before use, reaching a higher water absorption than pure, never dried BC. The copper ion capacity of BC-CMC composites increases proportionally with the added amount of CMC. BC-CMC (0.5%) can absorb 3 times more copper ions than original BC. In the case of 0.5 and 1.0% PVA additions to the culture solution, this polymer cannot be detected in the cellulose fleeces after they are washed. Nevertheless the presence of PVA in the culture medium effects a decreased product yield, a retention of nitrogen-containing residues in the material during purification, a reduced water absorption ability, and a slightly higher copper ion capacity in comparison with original BC. The water content of freeze-dried, reswollen BC-PVA (0.5%) is only 62%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 463–470, 2004 相似文献
4.
Thomas Pautzsch Lars Blankenburg Elisabeth Klemm 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(3):722-732
A series of novel π-conjugated polymers containing ruthenium bipyridine complexes was synthesized by a cross-coupling reaction and characterized. These polymers exhibit absorption maxima around 330–350 nm (π-π*) and 460–500 nm metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), respectively. They are soluble in common organic solvents, and all polymers can be converted into transparent films. We investigated the influence of different donating and acceptor diethynylarenes of the ultraviolet-visible spectra. The oxidation potential, which was measured by cyclic- and square-wave voltametry, showed a typical Ru2+/3+ exhibited at 1.25 V versus the saturated calomel electrode. The polymers were further characterized with photoluminescence measurements. When excited at 442 nm ( 11a ), the polymer exhibited an emission peak at 690 nm. This peak was attributed to the MLCT states. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 722–732, 2004 相似文献
5.
A. S. Sidorenko L. R. Tagirov A. N. Rossolenko N. S. Sidorov V. I. Zdravkov V. V. Ryazanov M. Klemm S. Horn R. Tidecks 《JETP Letters》2002,76(1):17-20
According to the crystal structure of MgB2 and band structure calculations, quasi-two-dimensional (2D) boron planes are responsible for the superconductivity. We report on critical-field and resistance measurements of 5.6-μm-thick MgB2 films grown on a sapphire single-crystal substrate. Resistivity measurements yield a temperature dependence of the fluctuation conductivity above the critical temperature, which agrees with the Aslamazov-Larkin and Maki-Thompson theory of fluctuations in layered superconductors, indicating a quasi-two-dimensional nucleation of superconductivity in MgB2. 相似文献
6.
Desulfurization of dibenzothiophene, two methyldibenzothiophenes, and phenanthro[4,5-bcd]-thiophene to give 60-80% yields of hydrocarbon products was effected by means of a sulfided molydena catalyst plus methanol at 450° and a pressure of ca. one atmosphere. The methanol functions both as an in situ hydrogen donor and as a methylating agent. 相似文献
7.
8.
The alumina-catalyzed reaction of 2-methylquinoline with excess methanol at 500° produced a mixture of 2-ethyl-, 2-isopropyl-, and 2-isopropenylquinolines in yields of 10%, 7%, and 2%, respectively. A mechanistic interpretation of this reaction is presented. 相似文献
9.
Michael Klemm 《Geometriae Dedicata》1986,20(3):349-356
By a study of the integral code generated by the rows of the incidence matrix and its extention the following results are obtained: Let d
1,...,d
V(d
1|d
2,d
2|d
3...) be the elementary divisors of the incidence matrix of a symmetric (v,n+, ) design. Then d
v=(n+)n/g.c.d. (n, ). Moreover, if p is a prime such that p|n, p and if x
p denotes the p-part of x, then (d
idv+2–i)
p
=n
p for 2iv. For projective planes it can be shown that d
1=···=d
3n–2=1, hence
and
. The paper also contains some results about elementary divisors of incidence matrices G satisfying the condition G
tG=nI+ J.
Elementarteiler von Inzidenzmatrizen symmetrischer Blockpläne相似文献
10.
Four bis-unsaturated N-benzyl amides of the type where (C2) and (C2)' are variously trans-CH?CH and C?C groups, were synthesized and refluxed in acetic anhydride. Three of them cyclized to form N-benzylcyclolignan lactams by intramolecular Diels-Alder processes. In one case [(C2) ? C?C, (C2)' ? trans-CH?CH] the (C2) unit functioned as the dienophilic moiety. 相似文献