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R Nirmala V Sankaranarayanan K Sethupathi AV Morozkin T Geethakumary Y Hariharan 《Pramana》2002,58(5-6):1101-1104
New R
2Ti3Ge4 (R=Dy, Ho and Er) intermetallic compounds have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and low temperature ac
magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power measurements were carried out. The compounds crystallize
in the parent, Sm5Ge4-type orthorhombic structure (space group Pnma) and lanthanide contraction is observed as one moves along the rare-earth series.
The changeover from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase happens at low temperatures and the ordering temperature scales
with the de Gennes factor. The electrical resistivity is metallic with a negative curvature above 100 K. Thermopower displays
a weak maximum at temperatures less than 50 K signifying the possible phonon and magnon drag effects. 相似文献
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Matthia A. Karreman Dr. Inge L. C. Buurmans Dr. Alexandra V. Agronskaia Prof. Dr. John W. Geus Prof. Dr. Hans C. Gerritsen Prof. Dr. Bert M. Weckhuysen 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(12):3846-3859
While cycling through a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, the structure and performance of FCC catalyst particles are severely affected. In this study, we set out to characterize the damage to commercial equilibrium catalyst particles, further denoted as ECat samples, and map the different pathways involved in their deactivation in a practical unit. The degradation was studied on a structural and a functional level. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ECat samples revealed several structural features; including zeolite crystals that were partly or fully severed, mesoporous, macroporous, and/or amorphous. These defects were then correlated to structural features observed in FCC particles that were treated with different levels of hydrothermal deactivation. This allowed us not only to identify which features observed in ECat samples were a result of hydrothermal deactivation, but also to determine the severity of treatments resulting in these defects. For functional characterization of the ECat sample, the Brønsted acidity within individual FCC particles was studied by a selective fluorescent probe reaction with 4‐fluorostyrene. Integrated laser and electron microscopy (iLEM) allowed correlating this Brønsted acidity to structural features by combining a fluorescence and a transmission electron microscope in a single set‐up. Together, these analyses allowed us to postulate a plausible model for the degradation of zeolite crystals in FCC particles in the ECat sample. Furthermore, the distribution of the various deactivation processes within particles of different ages was studied. A rim of completely deactivated zeolites surrounding each particle in the ECat sample was identified by using iLEM. These zeolites, which were never observed in fresh or steam‐deactivated samples, contained clots of dense structures. The structures are proposed to be carbonaceous deposits formed during the cracking process, and seem resistant towards burning off during catalyst regeneration. 相似文献
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Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy was used to measure the elastic constants of bcc Ta0.33V0.67 over the temperature range 3.5–300?K; the results were compared to earlier measurements on C15 TaV2. The temperature dependence of the polycrystalline shear modulus is completely different in the two phases; that of the bcc phase decreases with temperature whereas that of the C15 phases increases in an anomalous fashion. This difference is consistent with a model involving doubly-degenerate levels at the X point of the Brillouin zone in the C15 phase with the Fermi level lying near the doubly degenerate level. This model accounted for the unusual behaviour of the C15 phase. Debye temperatures were determined from the ultrasonic measurements: 295?K for the C15 phase and 315?K for the bcc phase. 相似文献
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