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1.
Vaze A Parizo M Rusling JF 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(25):10943-10948
Redox proteins attached to surfaces designed for biocatalysis hold promise for future clean synthetic routes. It is advantageous for these biocatalysts to operate in low-toxicity fluids with a high capacity to dissolve reactants. Here we report cross-linked films of myoglobin (Mb) and poly(L-lysine) (PLL) chemically attached to oxidized carbon cloth cathodes that in microemulsions feature the protein in a water-rich film environment with reactant in an oil-rich environment. These cross-linked Mb/PLL films were the most stable in microemuslions and had the largest turnover rates for epoxidation of styrene compared to lightly cross-linked or uncross-linked Mb/poly(styrene sulfonate) films. Up to 40-fold larger turnover rates were found in bicontinuous microemulsions compared to oil-in-water microemulsions and micelles. Enhanced turnover rates are correlated with up to 10-fold faster mass transport of solutes in the oil phases of the bicontinuous fluids. 相似文献
2.
An evaluation of the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibition potential of metoprolol metabolites and their contribution to drug–drug and drug–herb interaction by LC‐ESI/MS/MS 下载免费PDF全文
Roshan M. Borkar Murali Mohan Bhandi Ajay P. Dubey V. Ganga Reddy Prashanth Komirishetty Prajwal P. Nandekar Abhay T. Sangamwar Ahmed Kamal Sanjay K. Banerjee R. Srinivas 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2016,30(10):1556-1572
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of metabolites to drug–drug interaction and drug–herb interaction using the inhibition of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 by metoprolol (MET) and its metabolites. The peak concentrations of unbound plasma concentration of MET, α‐hydroxy metoprolol (HM), O‐desmethyl metoprolol (ODM) and N‐desisopropyl metoprolol (DIM) were 90.37 ± 2.69, 33.32 ± 1.92, 16.93 ± 1.70 and 7.96 ± 0.94 ng/mL, respectively. The metabolites identified, HM and ODM, had a ratio of metabolic area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) to parent AUC of ≥0.25 when either total or unbound concentration of metabolite was considered. In vitro CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibition by MET, HM and ODM study revealed that MET, HM and ODM were not inhibitors of CYP3A4‐catalyzed midazolam metabolism and CYP2D6‐catalyzed dextromethorphan metabolism. However, DIM only met the criteria of >10% of the total drug related material and <25% of the parent using unbound concentrations. If CYP inhibition testing is solely based on metabolite exposure, DIM metabolite would probably not be considered. However, the present study has demonstrated that DIM contributes significantly to in vitro drug–drug interaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
The Lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) has been used as an effective tool to probe the dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers in conjugated polymer based optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we analyze the time-dependence of LPE in a position sensing device geometry using a discrete circuit equivalent model coupled with a spreading impedance approach. We elucidate the dependence of the lateral photovoltage (LPV) on the position, intensity and the modulation frequency (ω c ) of the light beam. Previous experimental results for the position and ω c dependence of the LPV in the steady state are successfully reproduced within the present approach. We predict a clear knee-like feature in the transient regime of the LPV for high photocurrent values. This feature prompts us to propose that the response time of the organic position sensing device decreases sharply with increasing incident intensity. 相似文献
4.
5.
Anjali Dhingani Jaydeep Patel Kevin Garala Mihir Raval Abhay Dharamsi 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2014,35(5):619-640
The objective of the present investigation was to develop microemulsion-based transdermal systems of highly water soluble drug, Atenolol, by quality by design technique. Atenolol-loaded W/O microemulsions were optimized using D-optimal design with concentrations of oil, surfactants mixture, and water as independent variables, which was converted into microemulsion-based gel (MBG). The results of in vitro permeation of the optimized batch of Atenolol-loaded MBG revealed significant increase in permeability parameters as compared to its convention gel. All results suggested suitability of W/O type MEs as carriers for transdermal delivery of highly water soluble drug, Atenolol. 相似文献
6.
Differential equations and maps are the most frequently studied examples of dynamical systems and may be considered as continuous
and discrete time-evolution processes respectively. The processes in which time evolution takes place on Cantor-like fractal
subsets of the real line may be termed as fractal-time dynamical systems. Formulation of these systems requires an appropriate
framework. A new calculus calledF
α-calculus, is a natural calculus on subsetsF⊂ R of dimension α,0 < α ≤ 1. It involves integral and derivative of order α, calledF
α-integral andF
α-derivative respectively. TheF
α-integral is suitable for integrating functions with fractal support of dimension α, while theF
α-derivative enables us to differentiate functions like the Cantor staircase. The functions like the Cantor staircase function
occur naturally as solutions ofF
α-differential equations. Hence the latter can be used to model fractal-time processes or sublinear dynamical systems.
We discuss construction and solutions of some fractal differential equations of the form
whereh is a vector field andD
F,t
α
is a fractal differential operator of order α in timet. We also consider some equations of the form
whereL is an ordinary differential operator in the real variablex, and(t,x) ∈F × Rn whereF is a Cantor-like set of dimension α.
Further, we discuss a method of finding solutions toF
α-differential equations: They can be mapped to ordinary differential equations, and the solutions of the latter can be transformed
back to get those of the former. This is illustrated with a couple of examples. 相似文献
7.
Abhay Ashtekar 《Pramana》2007,69(1):77-92
Basic features of dynamical black holes in full, non-linear general relativity are summarized in a pedagogical fashion. Qualitative
properties of the evolution of various horizons follow directly from the celebrated Raychaudhuri equation.
相似文献
8.
A. R. Joshi Abhay V. Patil U. M. Kasar 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(1):67-69
Precipitation and solvent extraction methods have been investigated for the purification of plutonium from silver from the
solution generated during oxidative dissolution of plutonium oxide using Ag(II) ions. Initial experiments have been carried
out using thorium as representative of plutonium. Selecting the optimum conditions, the experiments were repeated with plutonium.
The results revealed that Pu can be purified from silver ions either by precipitating silver as silver chloride or silver
metal followed by Pu(IV) oxalate precipitation or by selective extraction of Pu(IV) into 20% Aliquat-336 or 30% TBP. 相似文献
9.
10.
Inflationary models of the early universe provide a natural mechanism for the formation of large scale structure. This success
brings to forefront the question of naturalness: Does a sufficiently long slow roll inflation occur generically or does it
require a careful fine tuning of initial parameters? In recent years there has been considerable controversy on this issue
(Hollands and Wald in Gen Relativ Gravit, 34:2043, 2002; Kofman et al. in J High Energy Phys 10:057, 2002); (Gibbons and Turok in Phys Rev D 77:063516, 2008). In particular, for a quadratic potential, Kofman et al. (J High Energy Phys 10:057, 2002) have argued that the probability of inflation with at least 65 e-foldings is close to one, while Gibbons and Turok (Phys
Rev D 77:063516, 2008) have argued that this probability is suppressed by a factor of ~10−85. We first clarify that such dramatically different predictions can arise because the required measure on the space of solutions
is intrinsically ambiguous in general relativity. We then show that this ambiguity can be naturally resolved in loop quantum
cosmology (LQC) because the big bang is replaced by a big bounce and the bounce surface can be used to introduce the structure
necessary to specify a satisfactory measure. The second goal of the paper is to present a detailed analysis of the inflationary
dynamics of LQC using analytical and numerical methods. By combining this information with the measure on the space of solutions,
we address a sharper question than those investigated in Kofman et al. (J High Energy Phys 10:057, 2002), Gibbons and Turok (Phys Rev D 77:063516, 2008), Ashtekar and Sloan (Phys Lett B 694:108, 2010): What is the probability of a sufficiently long slow roll inflation which is compatible with the seven year WMAP data? We show that the probability is very close to 1. The material is so organized that cosmologists who may be more interested
in the inflationary dynamics in LQC than in the subtleties associated with measures can skip that material without loss of
continuity. 相似文献