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Excellent passivation of thin silicon wafers by HF‐free hydrogen plasma etching using an industrial ICPECVD tool
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Muzhi Tang Jia Ge Johnson Wong Zhi Peng Ling Torsten Dippell Zhenhao Zhang Marco Huber Manfred Doerr Oliver Hohn Peter Wohlfart Armin Gerhard Aberle Thomas Mueller 《固体物理学:研究快报》2015,9(1):47-52
In this work, hydrogen plasma etching of surface oxides was successfully accomplished on thin (~100 µm) planar n‐type Czochralski silicon wafers prior to intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon [a‐Si:H(i)] deposition for heterojunction solar cells, using an industrial inductively coupled plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (ICPECVD) platform. The plasma etching process is intended as a dry alternative to the conventional wet‐chemical hydrofluoric acid (HF) dip for solar cell processing. After symmetrical deposition of an a‐Si:H(i) passivation layer, high effective carrier lifetimes of up to 3.7 ms are obtained, which are equivalent to effective surface recombination velocities of 1.3 cm s–1 and an implied open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 741 mV. The passivation quality is excellent and comparable to other high quality a‐Si:H(i) passivation. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy shows evidence of plasma‐silicon interactions and a sub‐nanometre interfacial layer. Using electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, this layer is further investigated and confirmed to be hydrogenated suboxide layers. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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本文利用荧光光谱和园二色光谱了新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程。结果显示:新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠是一个只包含天然蛋白和变性终态的二态过程,与已经报道的天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠的过程不同。 相似文献
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Lisa B. Aberle Peter Hülstede Malte Kleemeier Wilfried Staude Otto‐Diedrich Hennemann 《Macromolecular Symposia》2000,162(1):249-262
Whereas correlation spectroscopy gives reliable information on the size of immersed particles in those cases where the size distribution is narrow, large problems arise for more complex particle distributions. For instance, samples containing distinctly different particles of rather similar size lead to correlation functions which are very close to those of monodisperse samples. We present a measurement technique which is based on angle dependent measurements of 3D cross correlation functions and an evaluation scheme which uses the results of the Mie theory. The experimental technique warrants applications to strongly scattering samples. Having tested this procedure with mixtures containing standard latex particles we applied it to a sample of skimmed, homogenized milk. 相似文献
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Abe Y Aberle C Akiri T dos Anjos JC Ardellier F Barbosa AF Baxter A Bergevin M Bernstein A Bezerra TJ Bezrukhov L Blucher E Bongrand M Bowden NS Buck C Busenitz J Cabrera A Caden E Camilleri L Carr R Cerrada M Chang PJ Chimenti P Classen T Collin AP Conover E Conrad JM Cormon S Crespo-Anadón JI Cribier M Crum K Cucoanes A D'Agostino MV Damon E Dawson JV Dazeley S Dierckxsens M Dietrich D Djurcic Z Dracos M Durand V Efremenko Y Elnimr M Endo Y Etenko A Falk E Fallot M Fechner M von Feilitzsch F 《Physical review letters》2012,108(13):131801
The Double Chooz experiment presents an indication of reactor electron antineutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. An observed-to-predicted ratio of events of 0.944±0.016(stat)±0.040(syst) was obtained in 101 days of running at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France, with two 4.25 GW(th) reactors. The results were obtained from a single 10 m(3) fiducial volume detector located 1050 m from the two reactor cores. The reactor antineutrino flux prediction used the Bugey4 flux measurement after correction for differences in core composition. The deficit can be interpreted as an indication of a nonzero value of the still unmeasured neutrino mixing parameter sin(2)2θ(13). Analyzing both the rate of the prompt positrons and their energy spectrum, we find sin(2)2θ(13)=0.086±0.041(stat)±0.030(syst), or, at 90% C.L., 0.017相似文献
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Review of nanofluids for heat transfer applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Saeid Vafaei 《中国颗粒学报》2009,7(2)
Research on nanofluids has progressed rapidly since its enhanced thermal conductivity was first repotted about a decade ago,though much controversy and inconsistency have been reported,and insufficient understanding of the formulation and mechanism of nanofluids further limits their applications.This work presents a critical review of research on heat transfer applications of nanofluids with the aim of identifying the limiting factors so as to push forward their further development. 相似文献
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Vijay NS Bhagawati-Prasad Evy De Leenheer Nadine P Keefe Lorna A Ryan Jennifer Carlring Andrew W Heath 《Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines》2010,8(1):1
Active vaccination can be effective as a post-exposure prophylaxis, but the rapidity of the immune response induced, relative
to the incubation time of the pathogen, is critical. We show here that CD40mAb conjugated to antigen induces a more rapid
specific antibody response than currently used immunological adjuvants, alum and monophosphoryl lipid A™. 相似文献
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Plenio H Aberle C Al Shihadeh Y Lloris JM Martínez-Máñez R Pardo T Soto J 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2001,7(13):2848-2861
The reaction of 1,1'-ferrocene-bis(methylenepyridinium) salt with 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-5,12-dione, followed by LiAlH4 reduction results in the formation of FcCyclam. Metal complexes of FcCyclam with M2+ = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ were synthesized from FcCyclam and the respective metal triflates. The complexation of Cu2+ and FcCyclam in CH3CN is preceeded by a rapid electron transfer, followed by a slower complex formation reaction and a reverse electron transfer. The protonation constants of FcCyclam and the stability constants for the Cu2+ complex of FcCyclam (logK = 9.26(4) for the formation of the [Cu(FcCyclam)]2+ complex) were determined in 1,4-dioxane/water 70:30 v/v, 0.1 moldm(-3), KNO3, 25 degrees C. By using FcCyclam one can selectively sense the presence of Cu2+ ions in the presence of Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ with a very large deltaE approximately 200 mV, depending on pH. The X-ray crystal structures of FcCyclam and of complexes with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ were determined and Fe-M2+ distances obtained: Fe-Co2+ 395.9, Fe-Ni2+ 385.4, Fe-Cu2+ 377.7, and Fe-Zn2+ 369.0 pm. The redox potential of FcCyclam is influenced in a characteristic manner by the complexation of M2+. A linear correlation of 1/r approximately/= deltaE [r = distance Fe-M2+ from crystal data, deltaE=-E1/2([M(FcCyclam)]2+) - E1/2(FcCyclam)] was found; this is indicative of a mainly Coulomb type interaction between the two metal centers. The nature of the Fe...M2+ interaction was also investigated by determining deltaE in several solvents (mixtures) of different dielectric constants epsilon. The expected relation of deltaE approximately/= 1/epsilon was only found at very high values of epsilon. At epsilon < 40 increased ion-pairing appears to reduce the effective positive charge at M2+ leading to progessively smaller values of deltaE with lowered epsilon. The dependence of deltaE and epsilon can be calculated semiquantitatively by combining the Fuoss ion-pairing theory with the Coulomb model. 相似文献
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Arun Kumar NS Prashanth Shivappa Adarakatti Ashoka S Pandurangappa Malingappa 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2018,22(6):1711-1719
A simple strategy has been proposed to quantify Zn2+ ions using CeO2 nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode. The CeO2 nanoparticles were prepared by sucrose-nitrate decomposition method, and it was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, TEM, and surface area analyzer. The synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles were used as modifier molecules as a thin film on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in the trace level quantification of Zn2+ by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) techniques. The fabricated sensor exhibited a good analytical response towards Zn2+ ions. The modified electrode showed a wide linearity in the concentration range 20–380 μg L?1 with a limit of detection 0.36 μg L?1. The proposed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied to trace level Zn2+ quantification from real sample matrices. 相似文献