Modified lattice Boltzmann solution for non-isothermal rarefied gas flow through microchannel utilizing BSR and second-order implicit schemes

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Thermal microscale gas flow was simulated into a coplanar microchannel was simulated at a broad range of Knudsen numbers. Attempts were made to improve...     

A facile gamma-ray method for radiodegradation of bilirubin in chloroform

Kinetics and concentration profile associated with the regulated radiodegradation of bilirubin in an organic solvent were assessed. The pure unconjugated specimen was prepared in chloroform (40.0 μM). The depletion of bilirubin was almost linear with dose, and complete degradation was accomplished with doses in excess of 100 Gy. The method was also evaluated for the explicit production of the long-wavelength isomer of biliverdin, which was characterized spectrometrically by an absorbance band in the region 600–650 nm. Results including differences in air, N₂ and O₂ purged samples are presented to identify the atmospheric medium for optimum production of biliverdin. The process was regulated by controlling the dose. The general rate constant of the depletion process was estimated at a dose rate of 5.67·10⁻²Gy·s⁻¹. The method is a convenient substitute for light illumination studies of bilirubin. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ZnS bubble clusters with onion-like structures

Following recent studies which showed that the most stable structures for (ZnS)(n) clusters (n= 10-47) are the so-called "bubble clusters", in which all the atoms are three-coordinated, we have used simulated annealing techniques to find the most stable structure for a larger cluster, (ZnS)(60). We find an onion-like structure, with one small cluster enclosed inside a bigger one. The inner cluster has the structure of a sodalite cage. Bonding between the inner and the outer clusters creates a network of four-coordinated atoms.     

Novel dye-attached macroporous films for cadmium, zinc and lead sorption: Alkali Blue 6B-attached macroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

Alkali Blue 6B-attached poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) microporous films were investigated as chelate forming sorbents for heavy metal removal. Poly(HEMA) microporous films were prepared by UV-initiated photo-polymerization of HEMA in the presence of an initiator (azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)). Alkali Blue 6B was attached covalently. These films with a swelling ratio of 58%, and carrying 14.8 mmol Alkali Blue 6B m(-2) which were then used in the removal of Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous media. Adsorption rates were very high, equilibrium was achieved in about 30 min. The maximum adsorption of heavy metal ions onto the Alkali Blue 6B-attached films were 41.4 mmol m(-2) for Cd(II), 52.4 mmol m(-2) for Zn(II), and 64.5 mmol m(-2) for Pb(II). When the heavy metal ions competed during the adsorption from a mixture the adsorption values for Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) were quite close. Heavy metal ions were desorbed by using 0.1 M HNO(3). A significant amount of the adsorbed heavy metal ions (up to 95%) could be desorbed in 30 min. Repeated adsorption/desorption cycles showed the feasibility of these novel dye-attached microporous films for heavy metal removal.     

Concentration profiles and breakthrough curves in non-linear chromatography

The treatment of the non-linear isotherm in chromatography by one of the authors [1] is extended to other cases of practical interest. The original paper dealt with the case of an initially thin zone resulting in a Poisson distribution the asymmetry of which is a function of the plate number and the non-linearity constant. The present work shows that the same relations apply to initially thick zones and to the cases of washing and deposition leading to simple relations for breakthrough curves. For significantly non-linear isotherms other quasi-Gaussian distributions can give a better fit.     

Selective adsorption, pre-concentration and matrix elimination for the determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Cr(III) using 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol anchored poly (p-chloromethylstyrene-ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) microbeads

Poly(p-chloromethylstyrene-ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) polymeric microbeads, poly(p-CMS-EGDMA), were synthesized and 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol (S4HD) was attached chemically onto the polymeric microbeads. Characterization of all microbeads was done by Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and elemental analyzer. The amount of attached 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol to the polymer was found to be 2.23 mmol g⁻¹ polymers. The ligand attached microbeads, poly(p-CMS-EGDMA-S4HD), were used to examine the adsorption capacity of Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Cr(II) ions for recovery, pre-concentration and the matrix elimination by changing the pH and the initial metal ion concentrations and also adsorption kinetics of the studied metal ions was determined. Pre-concentration factors for the studied toxic metal ions were found to be more than 500-fold and recovery was between 92 and 106%. In the drinking, lake, tap and sea-water samples from water lands, ultra-trace toxic metal ion concentrations were determined easily by using ligand modified microbeads after pre-concentration because of the high pre-concentration factor and easily matrix elimination using ligand modified microbeads. Reference sea-water material was used for the validation of the method and it was found that recovery, pre-concentration and the matrix elimination were performed perfectly. For the desorption of the toxic metal ions, 3 M HCl containing 0.8 M thiourea was used and desorption ratio was obtained more than 96%.     

Thermodynamic perturbation theory for fused sphere hard chain fluids using nonadditive interactions

A model is developed for the equation of state of fused chains based on Wertheim thermodynamic perturbation theory and nonadditive size interactions. The model also assumes that the structure (represented by the radial distribution function) of the fused chain fluid is the same as that of the touching hard sphere chain fluid. The model is completely based on spherical additive and nonadditive size interactions. The model has the advantage of offering good agreement with simulation data while at the same time being independent of fitted parameters. The model is most accurate for short chains, small values of Delta (slightly fused spheres) and at intermediate (liquidlike) densities.     

A study on mass spectrometry of methylated [60] fullerenes using the “in-beam” electron impact technique

Mass spectra of the methylated [60]fullerenes were obtained by EI mass spectrometry using “desorption” or “in-beam” technique. The mass spectra of the methylated fullerenes, C₆₀Me_n, have the molecular ion peak M⁺ indicating that the product is stable under the MS (EI) conditions. The appearance of an intense peak at m/z 360 was assigned to the formation of fullerene dication C₆₀⁺⁺. The remaining peaks were assigned to successive loss of methyl groups from molecular monocation and dication.     

Electron spin resonance for quantitative assay of chlorpromazine in drug formulations by oxidation with cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid media

For the first time electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic technique has been used for a highly selective determination of chlorpromazine. The method is based on the oxidation reaction of chlorpromazine with cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid media. In this method 3.8x10(-3) mol dm(-3) cerium(IV) was used in 0.035 mol dm(-3) sulfuric acid with the ESR spectra recorded at room temperature. A calibration equation of the following form was obtained over the linear concentration range of 10-100 ppm with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999: A=1.355+0.0382C. The results obtained by the ESR method were found to be comparable with those obtained by the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) method. The method suffers no interferences excipients rendering the method suitable for determination of this drug in pharmaceutical preparations.