Enhancement of β-Glucan Biological Activity Using a Modified Acid-Base Extraction Method from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Beta glucan (β-glucan) has promising bioactive properties. Consequently, the use of β-glucan as a food additive is favored with the dual-purpose potential of increasing the fiber content of food products and enhancing their health properties. Our aim was to evaluate the biological activity of β-glucan (antimicrobial, antitoxic, immunostimulatory, and anticancer) extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a modified acid-base extraction method. The results demonstrated that a modified acid-base extraction method gives a higher biological efficacy of β-glucan than in the water extraction method. Using 0.5 mg dry weight of acid-base extracted β-glucan (AB extracted) not only succeeded in removing 100% of aflatoxins, but also had a promising antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, fungi, and yeast, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.39 and 0.19 mg/mL in the case of resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. In addition, AB extract exhibited a positive immunomodulatory effect, mediated through the high induction of TNFα, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-2. Moreover, AB extract showed a greater anticancer effect against A549, MDA-MB-232, and HepG-2 cells compared to WI-38 cells, at high concentrations. By studying the cell death mechanism using flow-cytometry, AB extract was shown to induce apoptotic cell death at higher concentrations, as in the case of MDA-MB-231 and HePG-2 cells. In conclusion, the use of a modified AB for β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae exerted a promising antimicrobial, immunomodulatory efficacy, and anti-cancer potential. Future research should focus on evaluating β-glucan in various biological systems and elucidating the underlying mechanism of action.     

Fuzzy weakly preopen (preclosed) function in Kubiak–Šostak fuzzy topological spaces

In this paper, we introduce and characterize fuzzy weakly preopen and fuzzy weakly preclosed functions between L-fuzzy topological spaces in Kubiak–?ostak sense and also study these functions in relation to some other types of already known functions.     

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Promising Therapeutic Tool for Acute Kidney Injury

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rapid loss of renal function. It has high mortality rates. Still, renal replacement therapy is considered the best solution...     

Multiplicity of secondary particles and fragmentation in nuclear interactions of22Ne and32S nuclei with emulsion at (4.1–4.5)A GeV/c

The interactions of 4.1AGeV/c ²²Ne and 4.5AGeV/c ³²S nuclei with emulsion have been studied and the dependence of the average multiplicities of the emitted secondary charged particles and the interacting projectile nucleons on the impact parameters have been investigated. The behavior of the Koba-Neilsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling formula of the multiplicity distributions produced due to the interactions of²²Ne and³²S at the energies mentioned above is satisfied by all target protons. The multiplicity distributions of the emitted⁴He fragments and the fragmentation cross-section relative to the inelastic cross-section have been investigated and give a⁴He-fragments yield which is always ten times greater than the yield of any other fragments. The dependence of the normalized mean multiplicity and the reduced multiplicity on the mass of the projectile and target nucleus can be described by a power law.     

Hydrazone-based Materials; DFT,TD-DFT,NBO Analysis,Fukui Function,MESP Analysis,and Solar Cell Applications

Journal of Fluorescence - Due to numerous pharmaceutical and biological activities hydrazone (TC) based materials, it was important to investigate quantum chemical studies such as Density...     

Surface characterization of silica-supported cobalt oxide catalysts

Silica supported cobalt oxides were prepared by the impregnation method, using an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O), then calcined at different temperatures (510, 620 and 870 K). Characterization of the samples was carried out by X-ray diffraction, N₂-adsorption at −196°C, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and KBr-IR spectroscopy of the calcination products. The surface acidity was studied by IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine at different temperatures (300, 370, 470 and 570 K). Results indicated that Co₃O₄ is the stable phase on silica, however, dispersion of minor amount of cobalt oxide could not be ruled out. Results also indicated that the crystallinity of the formed Co₃O₄ increased by increasing the loading level and/or the calcination temperature. Furthermore, the surface area of the support was decreased by increasing the loading level and the calcination temperatures. It has been also found that the surface of the supported catalysts exposed strong different Lewis acid sites.     

Spectral and magnetic studies of polynuclear copper(II) complexes of Schiff base derived from ethylenediamine and ethylacetoacetate

Summary The Schiff base (L), prepared by the condensation of two molecules of ethyl acetoacetate and one molecule of ethylenediamine reacts with copper(II) chloride to give poiynuclear complexes of the type Cu₃L Cl₆, Cu₄L Cl₈, Cu₅L Cl₁₀, Cu₆L Cl₁₂, Cu₇L Cl₁₄ and Cu₈L Cl₁₆. Elemental analyses, molar conductivities, magnetic susceptibilities, x-ray powder diffraction and i.r. spectral studies have been used to characterize the complexes. The i.r. spectra show that the Schiff base binds in a tetradentate manner and the spectral and magnetic studies suggest the presence of a chlorine bridge between the copper atoms. The magnetic susceptibility of the complexes follows the Curie-Weiss law.     

A Note on L-double Gradation Fuzzy Topological and L-double Fuzzy Closure Spaces

We prove the existence of both final L-double gradation fuzzy topological spaces and final L-double fuzzy closure spaces. From this fact, we define and study the notions of the L-double quotient spaces and the sum of L-double fuzzy closure spaces. Finally, we study the additivity of two kinds of L-double fuzzy closure spaces.     

Abundant solutions of Wick-type stochastic fractional 2D KdV equations

A modified fractional sub-equation method is applied to Wick-type stochastic fractional two-dimensional （2D） KdV equations. With the help of a Hermit transform, we obtain a new set of exact stochastic solutions to Wick-type stochastic fractional 2D KdV equations in the white noise space. These solutions include exponential decay wave solutions, soliton wave solutions, and periodic wave solutions. Two examples are explicitly given to illustrate our approach.