全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2503篇 |
免费 | 154篇 |
国内免费 | 64篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1947篇 |
晶体学 | 18篇 |
力学 | 109篇 |
数学 | 182篇 |
物理学 | 465篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 98篇 |
2021年 | 113篇 |
2020年 | 98篇 |
2019年 | 104篇 |
2018年 | 117篇 |
2017年 | 71篇 |
2016年 | 146篇 |
2015年 | 122篇 |
2014年 | 158篇 |
2013年 | 326篇 |
2012年 | 152篇 |
2011年 | 158篇 |
2010年 | 118篇 |
2009年 | 111篇 |
2008年 | 121篇 |
2007年 | 101篇 |
2006年 | 74篇 |
2005年 | 57篇 |
2004年 | 47篇 |
2003年 | 28篇 |
2002年 | 49篇 |
2001年 | 26篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 3篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 9篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2721条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Eco‐friendly ionic liquid assisted capillary electrophoresis and α‐acid glycoprotein‐assisted liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of anticancer drugs in human fluids
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Deia Abd El‐Hady Hassan M. Albishri Rajesh Rengarajan 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2015,29(6):925-934
In the current work, two eco‐friendly analytical methods based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) and reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) were developed for simultaneous determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs for Hodgkin's disease: methotrexate (MTX), vinblastine, chlorambucil and dacarbazine. A background electrolyte (BGE) of 12.5 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and 0.1 µmol/L 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium bromide (BMImBr) ionic liquid (IL) was used for CE measurements at 250 nm detection wavelength, 20 kV applied voltage and 25 °C. The rinsing protocol was significantly improved to reduce the adsorption of IL on the interior surface of capillary. Moreover, RPLC method was developed on α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) column. Mobile phase was 10 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 (100% v/v) and flow rate at 0.1 mL/min. As AGP is a chiral column, it was successfully separated l ‐MTX from its enantiomer impurity d ‐MTX. Good linearity of quantitative analysis was achieved with coefficients of determinations (r2) >0.995. The stability of drugs measurements was investigated with adequate recoveries up to 24 h storage time under ambient temperature. The limits of detection were <50 and 90 ng/mL by CE and RPLC, respectively. The using of short‐chain IL as an additive in BGE achieved 600‐fold sensitivity enhancement compared with conventional Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE). Therefore, for the first time, the proposed methods were successfully applied to determine simultaneously the analytes in human plasma and urine samples at clinically relevant concentrations with fast and simple pretreatments. Developed IL‐assisted CE and RPLC methods were also applied to measure MTX levels in patients’ samples over time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
3.
Zinc polyoxometalate on activated carbon: an efficient catalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols with hydrogen peroxide
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《应用有机金属化学》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
[PW11ZnO39]5? was immobilized on activated carbon and characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and elemental analysis techniques. Effective oxidation of various alcohols with hydrogen peroxide was performed in the presence of this catalyst. Easy separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture, cheapness, high activity and selectivity, stability as well as retained activity in subsequent catalytic cycles make this supported catalyst suitable for small‐scale synthesis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
H.S RagabA Shehap M.S Abo EllilW.H Osman F.H Abd El-Kader 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2002,63(10):1839-1847
Ternary-phase ceramic system of Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 doped with CuO, FeO and TiO2 has been prepared and subjected to dc electrical conductivity and thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) measurements as a function of temperature (30-250 °C) and field strength. The electrical conductivity results are explained by assuming both ionic and electronic conduction mechanisms coexist with different contributions over the whole temperature range of experiments. TSDC spectra have been found to be characterized by a broad intense relaxation peak, which can be attributed to an ionic charge polarization. The broad relaxation transitions are apparently a result of the nonuniform nature of this process. Activation energies are calculated for both dc electrical conductivity and TSDC according to Arrhenius equation and initial rise method, respectively. 相似文献
5.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based proton conducting polymer electrolytes have been prepared by the solution cast technique. The
conductivity is observed to increase from 10−9 to 10−4 S cm−1 as a result of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) addition. The plot of conductivity vs temperature shows that a phase transition occurred at 343 K in the sample PVA-33 wt%
H3PO4. The β-relaxation peak is observed at 313 K. The glass transition temperature of PVA-33 wt% H3PO4 is 343 K. Orthophosphoric acid seems to play a dual role, i.e., as a proton source and as a plasticizer. The ac conductivity
σ
ac = Aω
s was also calculated in the temperature range from 303 to 353 K. The conduction mechanism was inferred by plotting the graph
of s vs T from which the conduction mechanism for sample PVA-17 wt% H3PO4 was inferred to occur by way of the overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT) model and the conduction mechanism for the
sample PVA-33 wt% H3PO4 by way of the correlated barrier height (CBH) model. 相似文献
6.
Pre—Separation Axioms in Fuzzifying Topology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K.M.AbdEl-Hakeim F.M.Zeyada 《模糊系统与数学》2003,17(1):28-36
1 IntroductionYing[5,6 ] introduced and elementally developed so called fuzzifying topology with the semanticmethod of continuous valued L ogic.Shen[7] introduced and studied T0 -,T1-,T2 (Hausdorff) -,T3(regularity) -,T4 (normality) -separation axioms in fuzzifying topology.In [3 ]the concepts of thefamily of fuzzifying pre-open sets,fuzzifying pre-neighbourhood structure of a point and fuzzifyingpre-closure are introduced and studied.It is worth to mention that pre-separation axioms are … 相似文献
7.
Majid Vaezzadeh Ehsan Noruzifar Ghanati Faezeh Mohsen Salehkotahi Reza Mehdian 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006
Experimental results of applying a steady magnetic field (20 and 30 mT) on agricultural plants reveal that their growth is more than that of control plants. Considering that these plants have ferritin cells, and each ferritin cell has 4500 Fe atoms, it is obvious that they have an outstanding role in the plants’ growth. As the last spin magnetic moment (SMM) of the Fe atom posed to an external magnetic field (EMF), the composition of SMM and EMF create an oscillator in the system. Then we have a moment of force on ferritin cells. This oscillator exerts its energy, then damps and finally locates in the field direction. The relaxed energy increased the internal temperature (i.e., the effective temperature of the magnetic spin system of plant) so that it is situated in a proper temperature for growing. This phenomenon (temperature increasing) occurs in the initial minutes of applying the magnetic field. So it depends on the number of times of locating the plant in magnetic field in a day (n). If this number (n) passes the critical value, the plant reaches a burning temperature and growth is perturbed. In this paper, the plant growth rate and critical temperature in a steady magnetic field were investigated and formulated theoretically. An innovative result in this research is as follows: if a plant's environment was in the dormant temperature, we could increase the internal temperature of the plant by applying a magnetic field n times in a day (for growth). 相似文献
8.
We compute an intrinsic rank invariant for quasitriangular Hopf algebras in the case of general quantum groupsU
q
(g). As a function ofq the rank has remarkable number theoretic properties connected with modular covariance and Galois theory. A number of examples
are treated in detail, including rank (U
q
(su(3))) and rank (U
q
(e
8)). We briefly indicate a physical interpretation as relating Chern-Simons theory with the theory of a quantum particle confined
to an alcove ofg. 相似文献
9.
Valiollah Mirkhani Majid Moghadam Shahram Tangestaninejad 《Tetrahedron letters》2006,47(13):2129-2132
Rapid and efficient preparation of 2-imidazolines and bis-imidazolines by reaction of ethylenediamine with nitriles in the presence of catalytic amounts of sulfur under ultrasonic irradiation is reported. The advantages of this system are short reaction times, high yields and the ability to carry out large scale reactions. 相似文献
10.
Abdel Raouf F. Elhefnawy Galal M. Moatimid Abd Elmonem Khalil Elcoot 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》2004,86(2):63-91
The nonlinear electrohydrodynamic stability of
cylindrical interface, supporting surface charge, among two
conducting fluids is investigated. The two fluids are subjected to
a radial electric field. The analysis based on the multiple scale
technique. It is shown that the evolution of the amplitude is
governed by two partial differential equations. These equations
are combined to yield two alternate Schrödinger equations with
cubic nonlinearity. One of which calculates the nonlinear cutoff
electric field, separating stable and unstable disturbances, while
the other is used to analyze the stability of the system. The
stability criteria are analytically discussed and numerically
confirmed. Numerical calculations resulted in set of graphs to
indicate the stability picture of the considered system. 相似文献