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First-principles study of the elastic and thermodynamic properties of thorium hydrides at high pressure 下载免费PDF全文
The high pressure behaviors of Th_4H_(15) and ThH_2 are investigated by using the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory(DFT). From the energy–volume relations, the bct phase of ThH_2 is more stable than the fcc phase at ambient conditions. At high pressure, the bct ThH_2 and bcc Th_4H(15) phases are more brittle than they are at ambient pressure from the calculated elastic constants and the Poisson ratio. The thermodynamic stability of the bct phase ThH_2 is determined from the calculated phonon dispersion. In the pressure domain of interest, the phonon dispersions of bcc Th_4H(15) and bct ThH_2 are positive, indicating the dynamical stability of these two phases, while the fcc ThH_2 is unstable. The thermodynamic properties including the lattice vibration energy, entropy, and specific heat are predicted for these stable phases. The vibrational free energy decreases with the increase of the temperature, and the entropy and the heat capacity are proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure. As the pressure increases, the resistance to the external pressure is strengthened for Th_4H_(15) and ThH_2. 相似文献
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对甘肃定西地区成熟期的5种中草药药用部分的Cr元素含量及这5种中草药根系部分土壤中Cr元素的含量用火焰原子吸收光谱进行了分析,比较了微波消解和高温灰化两种样品预处理方法,选定了微波消解法.实验结果发现,除了黄芪外,中草药中的铬含量明显高于土壤中铬的含量,表明5种中草药对土壤中Cr元素都有生物迁移作用,其迁移作用由强到弱依次是柴胡、甘草、当归、板蓝根和黄芪.原子吸收光谱对这5种中草药及其土壤中的铬的检测结果的相对平均标准偏差分别是0.06%、0.50%,对所有样品的回收率都在94%-105%之间. 相似文献
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Electronic and thermoelectric properties of Mg_2Ge_xSn-_(1-x)(x=0.25,0.50,0.75) solid solutions by first-principles calculations 下载免费PDF全文
The electronic structure and thermoelectric(TE) properties of Mg_2Ge_xSn_(1-x)(x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) solid solutions are investigated by first-principles calculations and semi-classical Boltzmann theory. The special quasi-random structure(SQS) is used to model the solid solutions, which can produce reasonable band gaps with respect to experimental results.The n-type solid solutions have an excellent thermoelectric performance with maximum zT values exceeding 2.0, where the combination of low lattice thermal conductivity and high power factor(PF) plays an important role. These values are higher than those of pure Mg_2Sn and Mg_2Ge. The p-type solid solutions are inferior to the n-type ones, mainly due to the much lower PF. The maximum zT value of 0.62 is predicted for p-type Mg_2Ge_(0.25)Sn_(0.75) at 800K. The results suggest that the n-type Mg_2Ge_xSn_(1-x) solid solutions are promising mid-temperature TE materials. 相似文献
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Structural parameters, elastic constants, and thermodynamic properties of ordered and disordered solid solutions of Zr Hf alloys are investigated through first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory(DFT). The special quasi-random structure(SQS) method is used to model the disordered phase as a single unit cell, and two lamella structures are generated to model the ordered alloys. Small strains are applied to the unit cells to measure the elastic behavior and mechanical stability of Zr Hf alloys and to obtain the independent elastic constants by the stress–strain relationship. Phonon dispersions and phonon density of states are presented to verify the thermodynamic stability of the considered phases. Our results show that both the ordered and disordered phases of Zr Hf alloys are structurally stable. Based on the obtained phonon frequencies, thermodynamic properties, including Gibbs free energy, entropy, and heat capacity, are predicted within the quasi-harmonic approximation. It is verified that there are no obvious differences in energy between ordered and disordered phases over a wide temperature range. 相似文献
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Theoretical study on electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of PbS_xTe_(1-x)(x = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) solid solution 下载免费PDF全文
The electronic structure and thermoelectric(TE) properties of PbS_xTe_(1-x)(x = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) solid solution have been studied by combining the first-principles calculations and semi-classical Boltzmann theory. The special quasirandom structure(SQS) method is used to model the solid solutions of PbS_xTe_(1-x), which can produce reasonable electronic structures with respect to experimental results. The maximum zT value can reach 1.67 for p-type PbS0.75Te0.25 and 1.30 for PbS0.5Te0.5 at 800 K, respectively. The performance of p-type PbS_xTe_(1-x) is superior to the n-type ones, mainly attributed to the higher effective mass of the carriers. The z T values for PbS_xTe_(1-x) solid solutions are higher than that of pure Pb Te and Pb S, in which the combination of low thermal conductivity and high power factor play important roles. 相似文献
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