熔体静电纺丝射流下落的动态变化规律

采用高速摄像法对熔体静电纺丝射流下落的动态变化规律进行研究,并采用酚醛微球作为射流的标记粒子,观察和测量射流的下落距离和拉伸率,发现射流下落过程为三维鞭动过程,存在直线下落阶段、不稳定阶段和固化阶段三个阶段。研究了不同电压时,射流下落过程中鞭动的摆动角和摆动半径的变化,并与实验测量的沉积面积比较,发现随着电压的增大,鞭动不断减小。同时,研究了射流的拉伸细化规律,发现存在三段形态变化模式:一端拉伸、多点受力的拔河式拉伸、固化稳定。     

Persistent currents in three-dimensional shell-doped nanorings

The persistent current in three-dimensional (P× N²) nanorings as a function of the unit cell number (P), the channel number (M = N²), surface disorder (ξ ), and temperature (T) is theoretically investigated in terms of rotational symmetry. On the whole, the typical current increases linearly with \sqrt M but decreases exponentially with P, while wide fluctuations exist therein. In the presence of surface disorder, the persistent current decreases with ξ in the regime of weak disorder but increases in the regime of strong disorder. In addition, it is found that the persistent current in perfect rings decreases exponentially with temperature even at T < T^*     

二维介观环中持续电流的梯度无序效应

基于紧束缚模型,考虑无序的梯度衰减,研究了无序-有序二维介观环体系中无序梯度及结构尺寸等因素对持续电流的影响.在表面无序区无梯度衰减时,持续电流随无序度的变化先减小后增大,观察到类弹道和局域性的转变.当存在梯度衰减时,无序区部分区域无序度相应减小,对有序区产生较强散射,典型电流比没有无序衰减时偏小.有趣的是,当无序度指数衰减时,上述类弹道和局域性的转变却消失了,揭示了介观实验中能否观察到该转变与无序的梯度分布密切相关.此外,计算表明表面无序渗透的深度和环的宽度对持续电流也有重要影响,呈现奇异的量子尺寸效应.这不同于以前的理论预言. 关键词： 介观环 梯度无序 持续电流     

单相多铁性材料中静态与动态磁电效应研究新进展

多铁性材料是一类新型多功能材料,其中磁有序与铁电序共存,且序参量之间存在非平庸的相互耦合效应。这使其具有巨大的工业应用前景并蕴含着丰富和有趣的基础物理问题。本文首先简要回顾多铁性材料研究的历史,重点介绍由磁有序引起的新型多铁性材料的实验和理论的新进展。随后,我们系统地概述多铁性材料中演生的一类新的元激发(即电磁振子)的物理特性以及当前对其产生机制的理解。最后,我们总结了多铁性材料研究中尚未解决的技术问题,并展望了多铁性材料的发展趋势。     

Curvature and Hybridization Effects on the Persistent Current of a Carbon Nanotorus

To accurately describe the persistent current for various toroidad carbon nanotubes （TCNs）, a semiempirical sp3 tight-binding model is presented, in which the intrinsic curvature and hybridization have been fully taken into account. The calculations show that the curvature and hybridization can induce dramatic changes in the energy spectra of TCNs such as the Fermi energy EF shifting up, an energy gap opening at IF, F, and the energy spectrum symmetry about EF destroyed, which leads to a decrease of persistent current and changes in the shape Of the flux-dependent current. In the presence of curvature and hybridization, the persistent current in non-armchair TCNs is nearly an order of magnitude lower than that obtained by using the Brillouin-zone folding approach, while it is of the same order of magnitude in armchair TCNs.