DEVELOPMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF CHINESE SPRING Ta1 kr ph1b PLANTS AND THEIR USE ON GENETIC TRANSFER OF DESIRABLE GENES FROM Aegilops

Chinese Spring Tal kr phlb plants were developed by hybridizing Tal common wheat and Chinese Spring phlb mutant and backcrosses. When Chinese Spring Tal kr phlb plants were crossed with some wild species of Triticeae, much more seeds of wide hybridization can be obtained without artificial emasculation and pollination because of the existence of Tat and kr genes. The homoeologous chromosomes between common wheat and the wild species of Triticeae can also pair and exhibit cross-over in the hybrid F1 plants because of the existence of the phlb gene. So that more alien desirable genes can be transferred to common wheat rapidly. Therefore, Chinese Spring Tal kr phlb plants become a powerful tool for wide hybridization and transferring alien desirable genes to common wheat.     

小麦显性雄性不育单基因Tal的染色体组定位及端体分析

本文利用染色体组定位、端体测验和端体分析等一套新的定位程序和方法,明确太谷核不育小麦的显性不育单基因Ta1位于4D染色体短臂上,它与着丝点间的遗传距离大约是31.1个交换单位。     

太谷核不育小麦遗传鉴定结果再验证及显性雄性不育八倍体小黑麦的人工合成

本文根据前人对太谷雄性不育小麦的研究结果,首先做出理论推导.然后用太谷雄不育小麦与黑麦杂交以产生多元单倍体植株并使其染色体加倍,使不育基因在人工条件下纯合化.结果表明,单倍体、双倍体以及双倍体植株的杂交后代,其雄蕊表现与分离比例都与事先做的理论推导高度相符,从而再一次肯定了太谷雄不育小麦的不育性确实是由显性单基因所决定的。 Tal基因在非单纯普通小麦遗传背景下也能正常表达,作者把Tal基因导入了八倍体小黑麦并已投入育种应用。     

FURTHER STUDY ON THE INHERITANCE OF THE GENIC MALE-STERILE WHEAT OF TAIGU AND THE PRODUCTION OF THE DOMINANT MALE-STERILE OCTOPLOID TRITICALE

According to the result of the studies of the Taigu genie male-sterile wheat of the predecessor, a series of inductive inference was made at first. We used the Taigu genic malesterile wheat to make cross with rye to produce polyhaploid plant. By chromosome doubling, the dominant male-sterile gene became homozygous under artificial condition. The result of the experiment obtained shows that the expression and segregation ratio of the stamens of the haploid, amphiploid and the hybrid progenies of amphiploid plants well correspond to the inductive inference, so it confirms once again that a single dominant gene determines the male-sterility of the Taigu genic male-sterile wheat.The authors verify that the Tal gene not only can be expressed normally in common wheat's genetic background, but also can be introduced into the octoploid triticale. The first dominant genic male-sterile octoploid triticale is produced and has been used in triticale breeding program.     

DISCOVERY AND DETERMINATION OF A DOMINANT MALE-STERILE GENE AND

This paper deals with the determination of one male-sterile plant found in Chinese wheatcultivar (T. aestuvum L.). It is the first time in the world that a spontaneous mutant is dis-eovered in wheat. This dominant male-sterile gene is assigned as Ta 1. This determinationfirmly confirms the existence of the genic male-sterility and provides once again the scien-tific evidence to solve the argument of this problem. On the other hand, a breeding programof using this gene, especially in recurrent selection, is herewith proposed.     

GENOME STUDY AND TELOSOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SINGLE DOMINANT MALE-STERILE Tal GENE IN COMMON WHEAT

The single dominant male-sterile Tal gene in Taigu wheat (T. aestivum L.) is located on the short arm of 4D chromosome, and its position relative to centromere is calculated, being about 31.1 crossing-over units, by making use of the new process and technique of determinating the genome-located Tal gene, telosmie test and analysis.     

小麦显性雄性不育基因的发现、鉴定及其在遗传学和育种学上的价值

本文对在山西省发现的一株不育小麦进行了鉴定,它是“无花粉型”的,细胞质育性正常,它的不育性只是受显性雄性不育单基因所控制,这是世界上在小麦中第一次被发现的天然突变体,作者给这个显性雄性不育基因命名为Ta 1,太谷核不育小麦有两大价值: 1.理论方面:确认显性基因型雄性不育是存在的,为解决遗传学中对此问题的争论,又一次提供了科学依据。 2.应用方面:利用太谷核不育小麦异花授粉的特点,可以作为杂交工具,提高常规育种的工作效率和得到更多的杂交组合。但这个材料的重要价值还在于用它可以进行轮回选择,扩大遗传变异,提高优良基因频率,增加优良基因的重组体,轮回选择得到的改良群体可视为一个新的基因库,从中可以选出优良品种和综合品种。     

中国春Ta1 kr ph1b综合体的培育、鉴定及在外源基因导入中的利用

本文利用带有Tal基因的普通小麦与中国春phlb突变体杂交,并用中国春phlb突变体连续回交,培育出了中国春Tal kr phlb基因综合体。由于在这个综合体中含有Tal和kr基因,所以用它与野生小麦杂交时不用人工去雄授粉便可获得较大量的远缘杂种种子,又因它具有phlb基因,杂种F_1部分同源染色体又可配对交换。而把外源有益基因多快地导入普通小麦中。所以这个综合体是一个强有力的远缘杂交及外源基因导入到普通小麦中的工具。