脲基氨基甲酸酯化合物的合成及应用研究

在轿车发动机的燃烧室中以及发动机进气系统的汽油喷嘴上,汽油往往因高温及废气的酸性物质作用而产生沉积物,尤其是在喷油嘴上会产生结焦,甚至堵塞喷油嘴,使汽车不能启动运行［'－'j．采用优化发动机设计的办法,对改善沉积物和结焦作用不大,而在汽油中加人汽油清净分散剂却能产生较好的效果．目前,美国加人清净分散剂的汽油已占90％,深入研究新型、高效的清净分散剂已成为研究的热点．按化学结构汽油清净分散剂大致分为两类"－'：（l）小分子胺类,如N一苯硬脂酷胺、单丁二醋亚胺、双丁二酚亚胺和1,3一三甲撑二胺类等;（2）低聚…     

Effect of deposited temperatures of the buffer layer on the band offset of CZTS/In_2S_3 heterostructure and its solar cell performance

The effect of the deposition temperature of the buffer layer In_2S_3 on the band alignment of CZTS/In_2S_3 heterostructures and the solar cell performance have been investigated.The In_2S_3 films are prepared by thermal evaporation method at temperatures of 30,100,150,and 200 ℃,respectively.By using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),the valence band offsets(VBO) are determined to be-0.28 ±0.1,-0.28 ±0.1,-0.34 ±0.1,and-0.42 ±0.1 eV for the CZTS/In_2S_3heterostructures deposited at 30,100,150,and 200 ℃,respectively,and the corresponding conduction band offsets(CBO)are found to be 0.3 ±0.1,0.41 ±0.1,0.22±0.1,and 0.01 ±0.1 eV,respectively.The XPS study also reveals that interdiffusion of In and Cu occurs at the interface of the heterostructures,which is especially serious at 200 ℃ leading to large amount of interface defects or the formation of CuInS_2 phase at the interface.The CZTS solar cell with the buffer layer In_2S_3 deposited at 150 ℃ shows the best performance due to the proper CBO value at the heterostructure interface and the improved crystal quality of In_2S_3 film induced by the appropriate deposition temperature.The device prepared at 100 ℃presents the poorest performance owing to too high a value of CBO.It is demonstrated that the deposition temperature is a crucial parameter to control the quality of the solar cells.