Average Property of Isospin Effects Induced by Neutron-Halo Nuclei

We study the average property of the isospin effects of reaction mechanism induced by neutron-halo nuclei within the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. We find that the extended neutron density distribution for the neutron-halo projectile brings an important isospin effect into the reaction mechanism, which induces the decrease of nuclear stopping R; however, it induces the obvious increases of the neutron-proton ratio of nucleon emissions （n/p）nucl for all of the beam energies in this work, compared to the same mass stable colliding system.     

三硼酸锂晶体的生长形态

用自由生长系统研究了三硼酸锂ＬｉＢ_３Ｏ_５（ＬＢＯ）晶体的实际生长形态。实验表明，它的各晶面簇的重要性的顺序为：｛１１０｝＞｛０１１｝＞｛２０１｝＞｛１１１｝。讨论了ＬＢＯ晶体的生长习性与内部结构之间的关系并应用负离子配位多面体理论模型解释了ＬＢＯ晶体的生长形态。     

次甲基硅SiH与H2X(X=O,S)反应的热力学及动力学性质研究

在量子化学对SiH与H₂O和H₂S反应计算的基础上,运用统计热力学和Wigner校正的Eyring过渡态理论,计算了上述两反应在200～2000 K温度范围内的热力学函数、平衡常数、频率因子A和速率常数随温度的变化。计算结果表明,两反应在低温下具有热力学优势,而在高温下具有动力学优势。比较两反应的计算结果发现,在相同的温度下,SiH与H₂O反应比SiH与H₂S反应放热较多,但速率常数却较小。SiH与H₂O反应和前文报道的SiH与HF反应的比较表明,SiH与H₂O反应放热较少,而且在相同温度下,速率常数也较小。     

18-冠-6与Eu(fod)3+在CCl4中的化学平衡及其配合物的结构

在室温下测定了CCl_4溶液中,18-冠-6的亚甲基、Eu(fod)的t—丁基质子的PMR化学位移与溶液组成的相互关系。提出了生成配合物RS,R_2S,R_2,R_3(S为18-冠-6,R为Eu(fod)_3)的模式。求得了平衡常数值(升/摩):K_1=[RS]/([R][S])=2.O×10~5,K_2=[R_2S]/([R][RS])=1.0×10~3,Q_1=[R_2]/[R]~2=4.2×10~2,Q_2=[R_3]/([R_2][R])=4.0×10~1。并测得在配合物RS,R_2S中18-冠-6质子的平均化学位移分别为4.90,10.84(ppm,相对于纯18-冠-6); 在配合物R,R_2,R_3,RS,R_2中t-丁基质子平均化学位移分别为1.53,2.33,0.54,1.02,2.42(ppm,相对于TMS)。 根据配合物的化学位移值,并考虑分子及分子轨道的对称性、位阻等因素提出了配合物R_2,RS,R_2S的可能的结构模型。     

甲烷在Mo／HZSM—5催化剂上的高温活化

高温下,甲烷在Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛上可直接生成苯［１］．虽然低温下甲烷能被Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂表面的—ＯＨ所活化［２］,但对甲烷在高温下的活化过程知之甚少,然而这却是很重要的．我们采用原位红外光谱技术,研究了甲烷在高温下Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化...     

Compact Single-Stage Femtosecond Multipass Ti：Sapphire Amplifier at 1 kHz with High Beam Quality

A compact femtosecond Ti：sapphire amplifier system is reported using single-stage multipass configuration with high beam quality. A high dispersion glass stretcher and a pair of double prisms for compression are introduced based on broadband femtosecond seed pulses. The non-grating-based pulse stretcher and compressor are advantageous to increase high beam quality and to reduce the high-order dispersion. A Gaussian filter is used to reduce the gain narrowing effect in amplification. The compact femtosecond Ti：sapphire nine-pass amplifier delivers pulses with a duration of 26 fs and an energy of 800μJ at 7mJ pumping pulses energy at I kHz. The 1-kHz femtosecond amplifier with high beam quality and high stability is very suitable for ultrafast physics research applications, such as attosecond science, ultra-precision micromachining, and THz wave generation.     

Self-Injection and Acceleration of Monoenergetic Electron Beams from Laser Wakefield Accelerators in a Highly Relativistic Regime

Self-injection and acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators are first investigated in the highly relativistic regime, using 100 TW class, 27 fs laser pulses. Quasi-monoenergetic multi- bunched beams with energies as high as multi-hundredMeV are observed with simultaneous measurements of side-scattering emissions that indicate the formation of self-channelfing and self-injection of electrons into a plasma wake, referred to as a ＇bubble＇. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirmed multiple self-injection of electron bunches into the bubble and their beam acceleration with gradient of 1.5 GeV/cm.     

Bi_(25)FeO_(40)/α-Fe_2O_3复合纳米颗粒光催化剂的制备与性能

采用溶剂热法,以聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形分子为稳定剂,分别制备了Bi_(25)FeO_(40)和Bi_(25)FeO_(40)/α-Fe_2O_3复合纳米颗粒,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)、比表面积和孔径分析仪(BET)和超导量子干涉磁强计等对其结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,2种颗粒均为球形,尺寸均匀,粒径小于10 nm.当原料中Bi~(3+)/Fe~(3+)摩尔比为25∶1时,产物为Bi_(25)FeO_(40)纳米颗粒;Bi~(3+)/Fe~(3+)摩尔比为1∶1时,产物为Bi_(25)FeO_(40)/α-Fe_2O_3复合纳米颗粒.与Bi_(25)FeO_(40)纳米颗粒相比,Bi_(25)FeO_(40)/α-Fe_2O_3复合纳米颗粒的带隙变窄,对可见光吸收范围变宽,饱和磁化强度和光催化活性明显增强.这是由于复合颗粒中的α-Fe_2O_3具有超顺磁性,且两相界面存在的异质结构有利于光生载流子的分离和迁移,提高催化活性.2种纳米颗粒均可磁性回收,重复使用3次后催化活性下降较小.     

Oeffner展宽器高倍率展宽脉冲的理论与实验研究

在理论上分析了Oeffner展宽器的色散特性，给出了展宽脉冲随Oeffner展宽器系统参数变化的关系．据此在实验上建立了一台Oeffner飞秒展宽器系统，将19fs的种子脉冲无色差展宽至605ps，测量结果与理论计算一致．     

Coherence Measurement of White Light Emission from Femtosecond Laser Propagation in Air

Strong white light emission is observed from femtosecond laser propagation in air. The divergence angle of the white light emission is measured to be about 5mrad. Young＇s double-slits and a Michelson interferometer are used to investigate the coherence. The wavelength components of the white light emission are identified to have a good spatial coherence and a coherence time of about 0.5ps.