鸣鸣蝉(Oncotympana maculaticollis Motsch)鸣声的变频特性及其动力学过程

本文揭示了鸣鸣蝉鸣声的变频特性,并给出了相应的动力学过程。每个单次叫声的前奏和尾声基本上是以主峰频率约4000Hz的基本音(BS)为主音的单音色声,其高潮声多数由5—8个变音节(VTS)“Wéi ying”组成的音变调声。VTS的变频过程由前混音、BS为主音的“Wéi”、中混音和BS的3—5倍频次音(IS_2)为主音的“Ying”组成。BS的1.5—2倍频次音(IS_1)为低强度伴音。变频过程中发音肌的收缩速率虽无明显变化,约220±25Hz,但颤动特性有明显差异,其准正弦和锯齿形颤动分别激发BS,IS_1和IS_2。腹部伴音的上、下运动速度分别平均约2.5—5cm/s和5cm/s。     

鸣鸣蝉(Oncotympana maculaticollis Motsch)变音调鸣声产生的原初机制

本文在鸣鸣蝉变音调鸣声基本特性的研究基础上,进一步分析了其发声的原初机制。鸣鸣蝉的每个单次叫声由前奏、含有若干个变音节“Weiying”的高潮声和尾声组成。每个变音节由以基本音(BS)为主的“Wei”和陪音(UP_2)为主的“Ying”合成,陪音(UP_1)为低强度伴音,BS、UP_1和UP_2由发声肌不同特性的颤动分别激励发声膜的长肋LR_2、LR_3和LR_1振动所产生。LR_1和LR_2,3可分别类比为两端张紧的弦和两端铰链中央加载的梁.类比模型发声振动的声学特性,不仅与LR_1,2,3的结构特性相适应,而且与鸣声的声学特性基本相一致.     

FREQUENCY CONVERSION PROPERTY AND DYNAMIC PROCESS IN SONGS OF Mingming CICADA (Oncotympana maculaticollis Motsch)

In this paper, the frequency conversion property Df Mingming cicada songs is revealedand its dynamic process is given. In every single call the prelude and coda are mostly mono-timbre sounds whose dominantsounds are mainly the basic sound (BS) with the main peak frequency of about 4000 Hz. Themajority of the loud songs consist of 5--8 vari-toned syllables (VTS) "Weiying". The process of frequency conversion consists of the pre-mixed tone "Wei", with BS as thedominant sound, mid-mixed tone and "Ying" with the inferior sound (IS_2) of 3--5 octave ofBS as the dominant sound. The inferior sound (IS_1) of 1.5--2 octave of BS is a sound accom-paniment of low intensity. In the process of frequency couversion, although no obviouschange occurs in the contraction frequency of sounding muscle (SMc), about 220±25 Hz,obvious differences occur in the twitch property of it. BS, IS_1 and IS_2 are respectively excitedby quasi-sine and saw-tooth twitches. The velocities of upward and downward sound accom-paniment moveme     

鸣鸣蝉发声的神经控制

本文描述了蝉类发声神经(SN)的一种新类型及其胸腹神经节对叫声的影响。鸣鸣蝉(Oncotympana maculaticollis Motsch)的SN为复合神经,巨轴突直径约20μm,并含有若干个直径约1—5μm左右的细轴突,其轴突分别由多层结构的轴系膜所包围。SN电刺激发声的潜伏期平均为10.3±1.2ms。SN对发声肌(SMc)的发声运动具有复合支配特性,其三相动作电位的前电位呈明显的双峰结构。SN的发放兴奋SMc产生的肌电和叫声的潜伏期分别为5.8±0.5ms和11.2±1.2ms。与SN紧挨的副发声神经下行至SMc前端分开,擦SMc前端内侧肌膜绕行至声门开闭肌。 去脑对两侧SMc发声运动的时域和颤动特性无显著影响。但是去前胸神经节(PG)对两侧SMc发声运动的时域特性有显著影响,而对颤动特性无显著影响,去1/2中胸神经节(MG)对两侧SMc发声运动的时域和颤动特性都有显著影响。可见,两侧SMc的发声运动仍可能受到PG和MG的调节和控制。