W-hairs of the black holes in three-dimensional spacetime

In a previous publication, we claimed that a black hole can be considered as a topological insulator. A direct consequence of this claim is that their symmetries should be related. In this paper, we give a representation of the near-horizon symmetry algebra of the BTZ black hole using the W1+∞ symmetry algebra of the topological insulator in three-dimensional spacetime. Based on the W1+∞ algebra, we count the number of the microstates of the BTZ black holes and obtain the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.     

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱的非靶向代谢组学用于不同来源单花蜜的差异分析

不同的蜜源植物具有结构多样的次生代谢产物。该研究以8种不同蜜源单花蜜(洋槐蜜、枣花蜜、荆条蜜、椴树蜜、荞麦蜜、麦卢卡蜜、枸杞蜜、益母草蜜)为研究对象,建立了基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱技术(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E)的非靶向代谢组学方法,考察了不同蜜源中次生代谢产物的差异。该研究采用固相萃取前处理方法和UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E方法,获得不同蜜源单花蜜的植物代谢组信息,并构建了多变量统计分析模型,对不同来源的单花蜜进行模式识别和差异分析,发现洋槐蜜、枣花蜜、荆条蜜、椴树蜜、荞麦蜜、麦卢卡蜜相互间存在不同程度的显著差异。结合模型的变量重要性投影、方差分析与最大差异倍数值,根据精确前体离子和碎片离子质量信息检索Chemspider、HMDB数据库,该研究筛选并鉴定出32个代谢差异化合物,其中黄酮类化合物18个、酚酸类化合物7个、苯苷与萜苷类化合物6个、甾体类化合物1个;研究发现麦卢卡蜜和荞麦蜜以黄酮类化合物为主要差异代谢物,荆条蜜中酚酸类化合物为特征性表达,苯苷与萜苷类化合物主要为椴树蜜的特征代谢物。该研究从植物代谢组学角度初步揭示了不同单花蜜的代谢产物差异性以及特征化合物,为基于化学分析技术的蜂蜜溯源识别与质量评价提供了有效的研究策略。     

Microscopic states of Kerr black holes from boundary-bulk correspondence

It was previously claimed by the author that black holes can be considered as topological insulators. Both black holes and topological insulators have boundary modes, and the boundary modes can be described by an effective BF theory. In this paper, the boundary modes on the horizons of black holes are analyzed using methods developed for topological insulators. BTZ black holes are analyzed first, and the results are found to be compatible with previous works. The results are then generalized to Kerr black holes, for which new results are obtained: dimensionless right-and left-temperatures can be defined and have well behavior in both the Schwarzschild limit a → 0 and the extremal limit a → M. Upon the Kerr/CFT correspondence, a central charge c = 12 Mr+ can be associated with an arbitrary Kerr black hole. Moreover, the microstates of the Kerr black hole can be identified with the quantum states of this scalar field. From this identification, the number of microstates of the Kerr black hole can be counted, yielding the Bekenstein-Hawking area law for the entropy.