Generation Mechanism of Liquid Column during the Burst of a Rising Bubble near a Free Surface

In the frame of inviscid and incompressible flow and by neglecting surface tension effects, the dynamical mechanism of the generation and the development of the liquid column during the burst of a rising bubble near a free surface is studied theoretically and numerically by the volume-of-fluid method.     

Numerical investigation of the deformation mechanism of a bubble or a drop rising or falling in another fluid

A numerical method for simulating the motion and deformation of an axisymmetric bubble or drop rising or falling in another infinite and initially stationary fluid is developed based on the volume of fluid （VOF） method in the frame of two incompressible and immiscible viscous fluids under the action of gravity, taking into consideration of surface tension effects. A comparison of the numerical results by this method with those by other works indicates the validity of the method. In the frame of inviseid and incompressible fluids without taking into consideration of surface tension effects, the mechanisms of the generation of the liquid jet and the transition from spherical shape to toroidal shape during the bubble or drop deformation, the increase of the ring diameter of the toroidal bubble or drop and the decrease of its cross-section area during its motion, and the effects of the density ratio of the two fluids on the deformation of the bubble or drop are analysed both theoretically and numerically.     

基于中子活化瞬发伽马能谱确定地层元素含量的方法

中子技术能够利用中子与物质的相互作用确定其组成等性质,广泛应用于医学、环境科学、核反应堆建设、金属矿产勘查及石油工业中。在石油天然气领域,中子探测技术主要被用于确定井孔中的孔隙度、密度和流体饱和度等参数。随着测井技术的不断发展,基于瞬发伽马射线的中子活化分析技术也已应用于井下确定地层元素含量,并成为复杂岩性和非常规油气储层获得矿物含量的唯一手段。本文阐述了地层元素伽马能谱测井的方法,利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了不同地层条件下的伽马能谱,构建了地层元素的标准谱库,研究了奇异值分解和极大似然估计能谱数据处理方法,并利用得到的元素产额及氧闭合模型实现地层元素含量的确定。利用蒙特卡罗方法构建已知地层的伽马能谱,采用上述数据处理方法得到元素含量与地层真实元素含量误差均在4%之内,Si元素误差最大为2.8%,Ca元素最大误差为3.3%,研究结果为井下确定地层元素成分及含量提供了有效的技术支持。     

Surface tension effects on the behaviour of a rising bubble driven by buoyancy force

In the inviscid and incompressible fluid flow regime,surface tension effects on the behaviour of an initially spherical buoyancy-driven bubble rising in an infinite and initially stationary liquid are investigated numerically by a volume of fluid (VOF) method. The ratio of the gas density to the liquid density is 0.001, which is close to the case of an air bubble rising in water. It is found by numerical experiment that there exist four critical Weber numbers We₁,~We₂,~We₃ and We₄, which distinguish five different kinds of bubble behaviours. It is also found that when 1≤We2, the bubble will finally reach a steady shape, and in this case after it rises acceleratedly for a moment, it will rise with an almost constant speed, and the lower the Weber number is, the higher the speed is. When We >We₂, the bubble will not reach a steady shape, and in this case it will not rise with a constant speed. The mechanism of the above phenomena has been analysed theoretically and numerically.