X-RAY STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF DES-PENTAPEPTIDE INSULIN AT 2.4  RESOLUTION——SOLUTION OF THE PHASE PROBLEM USING THE ANOMALOUS SCATTERING OF CADMIUM AND THE DERIVATION OF A MODEL STRUCTURE

The three dimensional structure of des-pentaptide insulin has been solved at a resolu-tion of 2.4A. The structure determination was achieved without the use of heavy atom de-rivatives, by using only the phase information obtained from the seattering (both real andimaginary) of X-rays by cadmium ions present in the native crystal. Using this phase in-formation, a map, with figure of merit 0.56, was produced which enabled an initial modelof the protein to be constructed. Because of the novelty of this approach to the solutionof the phase problem the procedures used are explained in some detail.     

2.4分辨率去五肽胰岛素结构的X射线研究——结构的修正

本文报道起始模型对于X射线实验观测量和已知立体化学观测量作约束参数最小二乘修正的结果.经修正和扩展的模型,不仅包括DPI分子的全部非氢原子和一个镉原子,而且还加进49个水分子.由反常散射和模型信息概率相联合得到相角,各项系数按相角可靠性加权,其2F_o-F_c Fourier综合给出清晰的结果,无明显的对试用模型的偏向.最后得到的模型有合理的立体化学,同理想键长的均方根偏离是0.027A;同观测X射线散射相当吻合,对 10—2.4A分辨率的全部数据其偏离因子R=0.182.     

2.4埃分辨率去五肽胰岛素结构的X射线研究——用镉反常散射解相角问题和模型结构的导出

本文证明2.4埃分辨率去五肽胰岛素三维结构已经解得.这个结构的测定没有使用重原子衍生物,而只用了由本晶体中镉离子的X射线散射(实部和虚部)获取的相角信息.这一相角信息具有0.56的总品质因数,由它计算的电子密度图可用来建立起蛋白质的初始模型.由于解相角问题所用方法目前仍属于一种新的方法,我们在文中将予以适当阐述。     

X-RAY STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF DES-PENTAPEPTIDE INSULIN AT 2.4 RESOLUTION——THE REFINEMENT OF THE STRUCTURE

The determination of an initial model for the crystal structure of des-pentapeptide in-sulin, using only the phase information obtained from the scattering of cadmium ions inthe native crystal, has been described. This paper describes the refinement of this modelagainst both the experimental X-ray observations and the a priori stereochemical observationsusing the method of restrained parameter least squares. The corrected and extended modelincluded not only all the non-hydrogen atoms of the protein and one cadmium ion, but alsosome 49 water molecules. Fourier syntheses using amplitudes of 2F_o-F_c, phase angles prob-abilistically combined from the anomalous scattering and model phase information, witheach term weighted according to its reliability gave clear results without detectable bias to-wards the current model. The final model has acceptable stereochemistry (root mean squaredeviation from ideal bond lengths 0.027 A), and predicts the observed X-ray scattering sat-isfactorily (R = 0.182 for all dat