Fabrication and Characterization of Ni Thin Films Using Direct-Current Magnetron Sputtering

Ni films are deposited by using ultra high vacuum dc magnetron sputtering onto silicon substrates at room temperature, and the high-quality and high-density films are prepared. The parameters, such as thickness, density and surface roughness, are obtained by using small-angle x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses with the Marquardt gradient-expansion algorithm. The deposition rate is calculated and the Ni single layer can be fabricated precisely. Based on the fitting results, we can find that the surface roughness of the Ni films is about 0.7nm, the densities of Ni films are around 97% and the deposition rate is 0.26nm/s. The roughness of the surface is also characterized by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The changing trend of the surface roughness in the simulation of XRD is in good agreement with the AFM measurement.     

地下气和水中溶解气的气相色谱空气标定法定量测定

为了改进气相色谱的定量工作,我们定量方法,即所谓空气标定因子法。其理研究并建立了以空气作为基准的气相色谱论与实验依据将另文发表。本文报导这个方法在为地震测报而建立的地下气和水中溶解气分析中的应用。表1列出几种气体在给定条件下的空气标定因子。由下列方程确定气体i的浓度Ci: Ci=Qi(c)·Ai/Aa (1)或 Ci=Φi(c)·hi/ha (2)Qi(c)是气体i浓度的空气标定因子,Φi(c)=Qi(c)·Di/Da;A.h.D 分别为峰面积,峰高和半高峰宽。右下角a,i分别代表标定用的空气和被测气体。地下气和水中溶解气的分析在一台普     

油脂与醣类作化学上加工制造的学校实验(一)——油脂氢化

油脂和醣类是重要的天然有机物,大量地用作食品及多种人民需用品制造的原料。在中等学校化学课程中,油脂与醣类的研究有着很大的教学意义。在这些题材中学生知道了有机物的重要类别,它们的特性化学变化以及实际上的应用。在理论上与实际上,对容易做到的和在工业上广泛使用的用动植物原料加工制造上的研究会扩大学生在工业上的知识范畴,加深学生对化工生产一般原则的认识,并使他们获得某些典型的操作与装备的知识。     

典型钙/镁基吸附剂对二氧化硒吸附特性研究

针对钙/镁基矿物吸附剂的主要组分CaO、CaCO₃、MgO在500-800 ℃下对Se的吸附特性进行研究，并选取天然矿物方解石、白云石研究其对Se的吸附效果，且对矿物煅烧所得CaO进行吸附实验。结果表明，三种组分中CaO的吸附效果最佳，800 ℃时单位质量CaO对Se的吸附量可达368 mg/g。CaCO₃对Se的吸附在700 ℃时效果最佳且其吸附产物的热稳定性较好。镁基吸附剂仅在中温段对Se具有一定吸附效果。方解石对Se的吸附效果随温度变化趋势与CaCO₃相似，因其较好的孔隙结构，吸附效果略优于CaCO₃。煅烧方解石得到的F-sor对Se的吸附效果优于CaO和CaCO₃煅烧得到的C-sor，这与其良好的比表面积、孔隙结构与抗烧结能力有关，且F-sor吸附产物的热稳定性相对较好。F-sor对Se的吸附量最高可达403 mg/g。     

~(14)N ENDOR Study on Bis(2-Hydroxylphenyl Ketoxime)-~(63)Cu(Ⅱ) Complex

The ENDOR spectrum of ~(14)N-~(63)Cu-HAP complex in DMSO/EtOH (5:1) freezing solution at 20 K has been studied using orientational selective method in this paper. The anisotropic superhyperfine coupling tensor and qusdrupole coupling tensor of ligand ~(14)N nucleus, and the superhyperfine coupling tensor of various ~1H nuclei have been measured precisely. Comparing the superhyperfine coupling tensor of ~(14)N-nucleus with previous work shows that the analytical method of spectrum is reasonable and the data are reliable in our previous work.     

饲料中添加不同核苷酸对大黄鱼生长、血液指标及血清酶活性的影响

实验以对照组饲料和分别添加0.1%的5’-尿苷一磷酸二钠(UMP)、5’-腺苷一磷酸二钠(AMP)、5’-胞苷一磷酸二钠(CMP)、5’-鸟苷一磷酸二钠(GMP)、5’-肌苷一磷酸二钠(IMP)和以上5种核苷酸(1:1:1:1:1)混合物(Mix)的实验饲料(粗蛋白:45.0%;粗脂肪:10.0%)喂养大黄鱼(平均初始质量为(5.57±0.01)g)64d,研究饲料中不同核苷酸的添加对大黄鱼生长性能、血液常规指标和血清酶活性的影响.实验结果表明,不同核苷酸的添加对大黄鱼的生长性能、饲料效率、体成分及血液常规指标基本无显著性影响(P0.05).但肌苷酸组和核苷酸混合物组血清中葡萄糖含量要显著高于其他各组(P0.05),鸟苷酸组胆固醇和甘油三酯含量要显著高于其他各组(P0.05).血清酶活性数据表明,腺苷酸和鸟苷酸组的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性要显著高于其他各组(P0.05).腺苷酸、鸟苷酸、肌苷酸和核苷酸混合物组的溶菌酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05),而超氧化物歧化酶活性在各处理组间无显著性差异(P0.05).总体而言,饲料中不同核苷酸的添加对大黄鱼生长和血液常规基本无显著性影响,而肌苷酸和核苷酸混合物的添加能够提高血清中葡萄糖含量,促进饲料中糖源的吸收;腺苷酸、鸟苷酸、肌苷酸和核苷酸混合物对大黄鱼的非特异性免疫能力的改善有一定作用.     

实验——物理教学的点睛之笔

近几年调查发现,有超过80％的学生对实验有浓厚兴趣,只有不足20％的学生害怕做实验．这充分说明了实验以真实直观、形象和生动的特点吸引了广大学生．由于,学生实验的机会很少,从而使得中国学生与其它国家学生相比,动手能力明显较弱．江苏今年实行教育改革,大大增加了学生自主学习的时间,教师应增加学生动手实验的机会,     

X射线Kirkpatrick-Baez显微镜用超反射镜的研制

 介绍了一种可应用于X射线Kirkpatrick-Baez（KB）显微镜的光学元件—X射线超反射镜。选用的W和B₄C作为镀膜材料,膜对数为20,采用单纯型调优的方法实现了X射线超反射镜设计,用磁控溅射的方法在Si基片上完成了W/B₄C X射线超反射镜的制备。采用高分辨率X射线衍射仪（8 keV）测量了X射线超反射镜的反射特性。制备的X射线超反射镜在掠入射角分别为1.052°和1.143°处,反射角度带宽为0.3°,反射率达到20%,可满足KB型显微镜的要求。     

Design, Fabrication and Measurement of Ni/Ti Multilayer Used for Neutron Monochromator

Ni/Ti multilayers, which can be used for neutron monochromators, are designed, fabricated and measured. Firstly, their reflectivities are simulated based on the Nevot-Croce model. Reflectivities of two Ni/Ti multilayer mirrors with periods d = 10.3 nm （M1） and d = 7.8 nm （M2） are calculated. In the calculation, the reflectivity of the Ni/Ti multilayer is taken as a function of the gazing angle with different roughness factors δ =1.0 nm and = 1.5 nm. Secondly, these two multilayers are fabricated by the direct current magnetron sputtering technology. Thirdly their structures are characterized by small-angle x-ray diffraction. The roughness factors are fitted to be 0.68 nm and 1.16nm for M1 and M2, respectively. Finally their reflective performances are measured on the V14 neutron beam line at the Berlin Neutron Scattering Centre （BENSC）, Germany. The experimental data show that the grazing angle of the reflected neutron intensity peak increases, but the reflected neutron intensity decreases, with the decreasing periods of the multilayers.