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对CN^-在铜和银电极上的吸附性质进行了相对论密度泛函簇模型计算。结果表明,电场微扰方法可以描述CN^-在铜和银电极上吸附的表面现象,电极势诱导的频率移动被理解为Stark效应所引起。内振动模式M-CN和C-N的耦合对电位诱导的C-N振动频率变化的大小起重要作用,计算所得的由Stark效应所引起C-N振动频率变化的斜率和实验结果相符。 相似文献
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Relativistic density-functional calculations on free Hg2, Hg4, Hg8, Pb2 and Pb4 clusters, and those clusters embedded in an alkali (A) atom surrounding are reported. Heavy metal-metal (M-M) distances, binding energies and effective charges have been calculated. The Hg-Hg distance in the weakly bound free clusters is over 330 pm. Upon embedding in an alkali surrounding, the bonding is strengthened; the bond lengths are reduced for square planar Hg4 to below 300 pm. The bonding in the hypothetical tetrahedral alkali-mercury cluster appear to be quite different, where Hg4 will undergo a transition to four Hg1. This explains the strict preference of square over the tetrahedral geometry of Hg4 clusters in amalgams. Pb4 is predicted to be stable in a pure cluster and does not show significantly different bonding feature in the lead-alkali crystal. The effective charges on Hg and Pb are calculated to be -0.4 and -0.6, respectively. The bonding characteristics are also examined by calculation of the M4-An interaction energies. The amalgamation energies lie in the range of 50 to 70 kJ/molHg. The formation energy of alkali-Pb is up to 150 kJ/molPb, much stronger than that of alkali-Hg. 相似文献
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Slater等根据原子结构的量子理论提出用屏蔽常数σ_i表示某自旋轨道i上的电子(简称i电子)所受其它各电子的排斥作用相当于抵消掉若干个核电荷的吸引作用,并通过对各元素的X-射线和光学光谱项的理论分析确定了j-电子对i-电子的屏蔽常数σ_(ji)的一些规律。徐光宪等曾对其加以改进。应用这些规律可判断多电子原子价轨道能级次序,并成功地从理论上阐明由实验确定的电子分层排布规律,使元素周期律从理论上得到发展。“屏蔽”效应主要是表达电子相互排斥的效应。把传统的“钻穿”效应的概念略加改进后,可使其主要表达核对电子吸引作用的效应。为此,定义i-电子轨道半径参量r_(p,i)的概念, 相似文献
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用相对论密度泛函法研究了立方晶体Mg2NiH4结构中复合体[NiH4]的几何构型.晶体的环境用一个“切断”(Cut-off)的Madelung势来模拟.计算中分别假设了一个平面四边形NiH和一个四面体NiH的构型.对于平面四边形构型,计算的Ni-H键长及力常数与实验值相符;但对四面体计算的键长太短而力常数太大.研究结果表明;立方Mg2NiH4结构中对复合体[NiH4]的选择是平面四边形构型,而不是四面体. 相似文献
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