风切变环境下二维干对流简谱模式的分岔特性研究

本文把风切变场引进干对流方程,通过截谱获得一个修正的三维Lorenz系统。在σ>(1+b)和σ<(1+b)两种情况下,讨论了Rayleigh r和风切交参数q平面内系统的非线性分岔特性。结果发现:当σ=10时,本系统与Lorenz系统有相似的奇怪吸引子;当σ=1时,本系统平衡态失稳后发生了超临界Hopf分岔和亚临界Hopf分岔,并有多吸引子共存现象。本文发现弱风切变有利于对流的发展,从而定性地解释了与风速方向垂直的云街走向。     

中国东部地区大气臭氧及前体物本底变化规律的初步研究

根据临安地区观测分析及数值模拟结果,我国中纬度东部地区O_3及其前体物NO_x等成分偏高,可以对农作物和地表生态系统产生影响。根据NO_x与SO_2浓度的相关性表明,局地植物体燃烧也是NO_x的重要排放源。观测和模拟结果都表明近地层大气O_3浓度主要决定于地面总辐射量控制下的光化学反应过程,O_3的生成受到前体物NO_x的控制,但O_3与NO_x存在着明显的非线性关系。中国东部发达地区的CO,CO_2,CH_4和碳黑与青海高原干净地区同期平均值相比要高得多,这说明我国社会发展和人类活动对大气本底的影响。     

封闭容器中的Bénard对流数值模拟研究——Ⅰ.二维问题

本文建立了一个封闭容器中无溜滑边界条件下的Bénard对流有限差分数值模式。用此模式,我们计算讨论了Prandtl数为1的情况下二维Bénard对流的分岐特征,发现当Rayleigh数Ra≥1.75×10~5时,Bénard对流运动是非定常无规则的;同时计算还发现,在流型转变区域Nusselt数Nu随Ra的变化率dlg Nu/dlg Ra随着Ra的增加而明显减小。文中还讨论分析了相流收缩性质与Bénard对流控制方程组中各项的关系。此外,本文还提出了一种新的压力梯度求解方法。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BENARD CONVECTION IN A CLOSED RECTANGLE (Ⅰ)——TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASE

In the paper, a finite differential numerical model is proposed for Benard convection ina non-slippery closed rectangle. By this model, we have discussed the bifurcation character-istics of two-dimensional Benard convection when Prandtl number is 1. The computed re-sults show that if the Rayleigh number Ra≥1.75×10~5, the Benard convection is unsteady andirregular, and that in the transient region of flow pattern, the changing rate of the Nusseltnumber Nu to Ra, dlgNu/dlgRa, is rather smaller than that in the non-transient region.Moreover, in the paper, we have analysed the relation between the shrinking rate of thephase flow and each term in the governing equations of Benard convection. And further,we have developed a new method to calculate the pressure gradient.     

PRINCIPLE OF REMOTE SENSING OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION BY COMBINED SOLAR EXTINCTION AND FORWARD SCATTERING METHOD AND NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT

In this paper, the principle of inverting aerosol size distribution by solar spectral extinc-tion-forward scattering measurements is proposed and analyzed. Two methods of inversion——the segmental inversion and the combined one——are presented. Numerical experimentsshow that this method is quite successful in improving the accuracy of retrieved aerosolsize distribution in both smaller part (r<1μm) and larger part (r>1μm) of aerosolsize ranges.     

封闭容器中的Bénard对流数值模拟研究——Ⅱ.三维问题

本文数值模拟研究了小宽高比三维封闭容器中,边界元溜滑的Bénard对流运动,计算表明,当Rayleigh数Ra<3.6×10~4时,Bénard对流运动是定常的,当Ra≥3.6×10~4时,运动是非定常无规则的,场的剖面和相关系数分析表明,运动的相关外尺度在Ra≥7.5×10~4的情况下,随着Ra的增加而减小,统计分析表明,速度和温度的Taylor内尺度(λ_v,λ_(θv)等)也随着Ra的增加而减小,并且λ_v,λ__(θv)在上下边界附近随高度的变化率相差很大;本文算得的Nusselt数接近一般实验值的下限,并且在流动类型转变区dlgNu/dlgRa比Ra取其它值时要大一些,此外,本文还对温度、速度以及涡度场的其它统计量进行了计算分析。     

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF REMOTE SENSING OF AEROSOL REFRACTIVE INDEX BY ANGULAR SCATTERING METHOD

This paper introduces the functions representing quantitatively the sensitivity of the volume scattering function to the aerosol refractive index, points out the scattering angle regions where volume scattering function is more sensitive to the real part of refractive index or its imaginary part, and analyzes the correlativity between scattering channels. Furthermore, we have analyzed optimum channels of remote sensing of refractive index, and satisfactory inversion results have been obtained when the optimum channels were used in retrieving refractive index.     

Observational Study of Annual Variations of the Surface Energy Balance Components at Zhongshan Station of Antarctica in 1990

From February 1990 to January 1991, the measurement experiment was carried out at Zhongshan station, East Antarctica. In the experiment, measurements of the surface radiative fluxes and wind, temperature and humidity profiles in the lowest 32 m in the atmosphere boundary layer were made throughout the year. The regime of the surface energy balance was analysed based on the observed data. The conclusion was derived that in warm season (from Nov. to Feb.), large amounts of energy are absorbed by the surface and then transported to the atmosphere in the form of sensible and latent heat, while in cold season (from Mar. to Oct.) continually radiative cooling of the surface occurs.     

遥感大气湿度1.35厘米微波辐射计

本文论述了遥感大气湿度1.35厘米波段地面微波辐射计的设计方案,介绍了在测量精度和稳定性上能满足使用要求的实际仪器,最后给出了和探空仪资料对比的观测结果。     

APPLICATION OF MONTE CARLO METHOD TO REMOTE SENSING OF HUMIDITY

In this paper, the principles and technique of obtaining the vertical profile of atmospherichumidity with the Monte Carlo method are introduced, Samples (463 in total) for Beijing,Shanghai and Haikou in winter and summer during the years 1970--1975 are tested numerical-ly. The inferred relative humidity profiles re in good agreement with the observations byradiosonde in the lower atmospheric layer. The mean relative errors are about 10% andwithin 30% in the lower atmosphere and in the upper troposphere respectively. The char-acteristics of kernel functions in microwave channels and some factors which affect theaccuracy are also discussed.