上海城市气候中的“五岛”效应

本文从人为条件(城市下垫面性质的改变、人为热和污染物的排放等)与天气条件(大尺度环流微弱、局地天气形势等)两方面的结合上,应用气象卫星资料、回归统计分析、典型个例分析与长期气候统计分析等方法,阐明上海城市热岛、干岛、湿岛、雨岛和混浊岛等五岛效应的形成过程、特征以及它们之间相互制约、相互联系的关系。这对论证人类活动(通过城市化)对气候的影响,防治城市气候恶化,进行城市天气气候预报和城市规划都有重要意义。     

FIVE ISLANDS EFFECTS OF SHANGHAI URBAN CLIMATE

By combining the anthropogenic condition (the change of urban surface nature, the emission of anthropogenic heat and pollutant) and the weather condition (the large-scale air circulation and local weather situation), the author clarified the formative processes, features and relationship of the five islands (heat island, dry island, moisture island, rain island and turbidity island) effects of Shanghai urban climate. This research is not only important to the theoretical problem of how the man's activities influence the climate, but also provides scientific basis for urban weather prediction, urban air pollution protection and urban design.