排序方式: 共有117条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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采用sol—gel法,分别在不同温度下退火2h,制得一系列纳米氧化物La0.68Pb0.32FeO3粉体,并测定了该材料对乙醇的气敏性能。随退火温度的升高,所得样品逐渐向单一钙钛矿结构转化。应用Scherrer公式对退火温度分别为200,400,600,800,1000℃的样品粒径进行了计算,样品粒径依次为11.5,13.6,16.4,20.0,25.3nm。这说明,随着退火温度的升高,样品粒径逐渐增大。对乙醇气敏性能的测定结果表明,随退火温度的升高,材料对乙醇的最佳灵敏度先升高、又降低,退火温度为800℃的样品最佳灵敏度达到51.7。 相似文献
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甲酰胺对有序介孔二氧化硅形貌的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
At room temperature and in acidic solution, ordered mesoporous silicas with particular morphology were synthesized using cetylpyridinium chloride as the template and formamide as the cosolvent. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), small angle X-ray diffraction (SXRD), and nitrogen adsorption techniques were used to characterize the as-synthesized and calcined samples. Results showed that the samples had hexagonal mesostructure analogous to MCM-41 and relatively narrow pore-size distributions (BJH). Besides, BET surface areas of the samples were in the range of 1 000~1 250 m2·g-1 and high total pore volumes were up to 1.367 cm3·g-1. Addition of formamide affected obviously mesostructures and the morphology of the mesoporous silica. Furthermore, with the increase of the concentration of formamide, the unit-cell constant decreased and particle shape changed from gyroids to fibers. 相似文献
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氢氧化铝镁正电溶胶制备及性能研究 总被引:27,自引:3,他引:27
氢氧化铝镁正电溶胶制备及性能研究侯万国,张春光,孙德军,梁晓丽,王果庭(山东大学胶体与界面化学研究所,济南,250100)关键词混合金属氢氧化物,溶胶,超细颗粒混合金属氢氧化物的合成、组成及结构等已得到广泛研究[1,2].我们也曾用插入法合成了混合金... 相似文献
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Cr(VI)在Mg-Al型类水滑石上的吸附-脱附性研究I.吸附性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了Cr(VI)在带结构正电荷的Mg-Al型类水滑石(HTlc)上的吸附性能,考察了pH、无机电解质添加剂NaCl,NaNO3,Na2SO4和Na3PO4及有机添加剂EDTA和柠檬酸等因素的影响,并结合红外光谱和XRD实验结果探讨了吸附机理.研究表明,Mg-Al型HTlc对Cr(VI)有很强的吸附能力,其吸附动力学和吸附等温线分别符合准二级速率方程和Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量达105mg/g,有望成为一种优良的含Cr(VI)污水处理剂和Cr(VI)污染土壤修复剂.初始pH增大,吸附量降低.无机电解质和有机添加剂均能明显抑制Cr(VI)在HTlc上的吸附,其抑制吸附作用的强弱顺序分别为Na3PO4≥Na2SO4≥NaCl>>NaNO3和柠檬酸>EDTA.Cr(VI)在HTlc上的吸附可分为层间的离子交换吸附和外表面的吸附,其中外表面的吸附层在微观上又可分为因化学键合作用而形成的内络合层和因静电作用而形成的外络合层. 相似文献
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采用流变学法系统地考察了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)/Cr(III)交联体系的 反应动力学。HPAM溶液的粘性模量G”大于弹性模量G’,且其数值随时间不发生变 化,体系为粘性溶液。而HPAM/Cr(III)体系的G’和G”的数值都随时间变化,G” 在反应开始阶段大于G’,当反应进行一段时间后,G’超过G”占据主要地位,体 系成为弹性体系。交联过程可分为三个阶段:第一上升阶段,平缓上升阶段和第二 上升阶段。利用G’~ t曲线可以推测反应机理。实验发现成胶速率随反应物HPAM 和Cr(III)的浓度的增加而增加,而成胶时间缩短。在羧基浓度过量的情况下,交 联反应对Cr(III)浓度的反应级数是1。凝胶的有效弹性交联密度随聚合物浓度的增 加而增,且随凝胶反应的进行而增加。凝胶的交联点间的平均分子量随Cr(III)浓 度的增加和交联反应的进行而下降。 相似文献
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研究了Mg—Fe类水滑石(HTIc)/高岭土(kaolinite)悬浮体的质量比(R)对其流变性和触变性的影响,发现控制剪切速率(D)得到的屈服应力(τy)和控制剪切应力(τ)得到的临界剪切应力(τc)皆随R拘增大先降低后升高.小幅振荡剪切实验发现随R的增大,体系由正触变性转化为复合触变性,其中用小幅振荡剪切法在线性粘弹区发现复合触变性体系还是首次.恒剪切速率(DL)实验发现了震荡现象,即粘度随时间发生周期性升高和降低的变化.震荡现象与DL和R有关,较高的DL和尺可使震荡现象消失.测定粘度随时间变化时采用的低剪切速率(DL)影响体系的触变性类型.根据HTIc和kaolinite粒子间的相互作用对实验结果的机理进行了探讨. 相似文献
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Exfoliated polystyrene (PS)/laponite nanocomposites were prepared successfully. The characteristic doo1 diffraction peak of organo-laponite disappeared in the XRD patterns of nanocomposites, indicating that the laponite layers were exfoliated and the ordered crystal structure of laponite was destroyed because of the styrene polymerization. TEM observations showed that the exfoliated laponite primary particles were dispersed randomly in the PS matrix with lateral dimensions from 1 nm to 10 rim. SEM results showed that the PS/laponite nanocomposite particles were almost monodispersed spheres with the size of about 120 rim. Because of the interaction between PS and laponite nanolayers, the nanocomposites exhibited higher thermal stability and glass transition temperature when compared to pure PS. 相似文献
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The relationship among intrinsic surface reaction constant (K) in 1-pK model, point of zero net charge (PZNC) and structural charge density (σst) for amphoteric solid with structural charges was established in order to investigate the effect of σst on pK. The theoretical analysis based on 1-pK model indicates that the independent PZNC of electrolyte concentration (c) exists for amphoteric solid with structural charges. A common intersection point (CIP) should appear on the acid-base titration curves at different c, and the pH at the CIP is pHPZNC. The pK can be expressed as pK=-pHPZNC log[(1 2αPZNC)/(1-2αPZNC)], where αPZNC≡σst/eNANs, in which e is the elementary charge, NA the Avogadro‘s constant and Ns the total density of surface sites. For solids without structural charges, pK=-pHPZNC. The pK values of hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlc) with general formula of [Mg1-xFex(OH)2](Cl,OH)x were evaluated. With increasing x, the pK increases, which can be explained based on the affinity of metal cations for H^- or OH^- and the electrostatic interaction between charging surface and H^- or OH^-. 相似文献
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报道了一种新的Zn-Al类水滑石的荧光现象, 即在没有任何荧光物质插层的情况下, Zn-Al类水滑石本身就具有荧光性质, 其最大激发波长位于375 nm, 最大发射波长处于443 nm, 显示的荧光为蓝色可见光. 这一光学功能的发现将有助于类水滑石在光学材料领域中的进一步应用. 相似文献