全文获取类型
收费全文 | 47577篇 |
免费 | 6924篇 |
国内免费 | 3865篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 19182篇 |
晶体学 | 619篇 |
力学 | 5710篇 |
综合类 | 648篇 |
数学 | 11145篇 |
物理学 | 21062篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 95篇 |
2023年 | 424篇 |
2022年 | 1170篇 |
2021年 | 1182篇 |
2020年 | 1471篇 |
2019年 | 1365篇 |
2018年 | 1310篇 |
2017年 | 1722篇 |
2016年 | 2111篇 |
2015年 | 1725篇 |
2014年 | 2360篇 |
2013年 | 4266篇 |
2012年 | 2707篇 |
2011年 | 3027篇 |
2010年 | 2580篇 |
2009年 | 2917篇 |
2008年 | 2835篇 |
2007年 | 2857篇 |
2006年 | 2554篇 |
2005年 | 2282篇 |
2004年 | 2178篇 |
2003年 | 1871篇 |
2002年 | 1914篇 |
2001年 | 1407篇 |
2000年 | 1383篇 |
1999年 | 1184篇 |
1998年 | 1049篇 |
1997年 | 817篇 |
1996年 | 717篇 |
1995年 | 716篇 |
1994年 | 599篇 |
1993年 | 503篇 |
1992年 | 462篇 |
1991年 | 341篇 |
1990年 | 308篇 |
1989年 | 230篇 |
1988年 | 232篇 |
1987年 | 224篇 |
1986年 | 196篇 |
1985年 | 202篇 |
1984年 | 206篇 |
1983年 | 108篇 |
1982年 | 141篇 |
1981年 | 88篇 |
1980年 | 59篇 |
1979年 | 73篇 |
1978年 | 41篇 |
1977年 | 35篇 |
1976年 | 22篇 |
1973年 | 35篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Qipeng Guo Fei Chen Ke Wang Ling Chen 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2006,44(21):3042-3052
An amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PEO–PDMS) diblock copolymer was used to template a bisphenol A type epoxy resin (ER); nanostructured thermoset blends of ER and PEO–PDMS were prepared with 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (MDA) as the curing agent. The phase behavior, crystallization, hydrogen‐bonding interactions, and nanoscale structures were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The uncured ER was miscible with the poly(ethylene oxide) block of PEO–PDMS, and the uncured blends were not macroscopically phase‐separated. Macroscopic phase separation took place in the MDA‐cured ER/PEO–PDMS blends containing 60–80 wt % PEO–PDMS diblock copolymer. However, the composition‐dependent nanostructures were formed in the cured blends with 10–50 wt % PEO–PDMS, which did not show macroscopic phase separation. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) microdomains with sizes of 10–20 nm were dispersed in a continuous ER‐rich phase; the average distance between the neighboring microdomains was in the range of 20–50 nm. The miscibility between the cured ER and the poly(ethylene oxide) block of PEO–PDMS was ascribed to the favorable hydrogen‐bonding interaction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3042–3052, 2006 相似文献
2.
It is proved that the variety of relevant disjunction lattices has the finite embeddability property. It follows that Avron's relevance logic RMI min has a strong form of the finite model property, so it has a solvable deducibility problem. This strengthens Avron's result that RMI min is decidable. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
3.
The turbulent flow in a compound meandering channel with a rectangular cross section is one of the most complicated turbulent flows, because the flow behaviour is influenced by several kinds of forces, including centrifugal forces, pressure‐driven forces and shear stresses generated by momentum transfer between the main channel and the flood plain. Numerical analysis has been performed for the fully developed turbulent flow in a compound meandering open‐channel flow using an algebraic Reynolds stress model. The boundary‐fitted coordinate system is introduced as a method for coordinate transformation in order to set the boundary conditions along the complicated shape of the meandering open channel. The turbulence model consists of transport equations for turbulent energy and dissipation, in conjunction with an algebraic stress model based on the Reynolds stress transport equations. With reference to the pressure–strain term, we have made use of a modified pressure–strain term. The boundary condition of the fluctuating vertical velocity is set to zero not only for the free surface, but also for computational grid points next to the free surface, because experimental results have shown that the fluctuating vertical velocity approaches zero near the free surface. In order to examine the validity of the present numerical method and the turbulent model, the calculated results are compared with experimental data measured by laser Doppler anemometer. In addition, the compound meandering open channel is clarified somewhat based on the calculated results. As a result of the analysis, the present algebraic Reynolds stress model is shown to be able to reasonably predict the turbulent flow in a compound meandering open channel. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
A time discrete scheme is used to approximate the solution toa phase field system of PenroseFife type with a non-conservedorder parameter. An a posteriori error estimate is presentedthat allows the estimation of the difference between continuousand semidiscrete solutions by quantities that can be calculatedfrom the approximation and given data. 相似文献
5.
Xinjiang Chen Goh Matsuo Bunsho Ohtani Kaoru Tsujii 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(21):4891-4900
A racemic amphiphilic monomer, n‐dodecyl glyceryl itaconate (DGI), forms bilayer membranes in water in the presence of small amount of ionic cosurfactant and shows iridescent color. A chiral DGI, S‐DGI, also shows an iridescent property, but with a rather red shift in the color, which can be ascribed to the increased packing density of the monomer in the bilayer membranes. Chrial DGI has a more compact packing density than racemic one owing to closer distance between the monomer molecules; the conversion rate, however, is slower than that of racemic one when H2O2 is used as an initiator. When the initiator is changed to an amphiphilic one, 4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy) phenyl‐(2‐hydroxy‐2‐propyl) ketone (Irgacure 2959), the chiral DGI shows even a little faster conversion rate than that of racemic one. The NMR chemical shift results of protons in benzene ring show that the molecules of Irgacure 2959 insert into the bilayer membranes. The molecular weights of the corresponding polymers prove that the initiation by H2O2 is restricted compared to that by Irgacure 2959. It is concluded that the decelerated polymerization behavior of chiral DGI initiated by H2O2 is a result of limited diffusion of the initiator into the lamellar bilayer structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4891–4900, 2007 相似文献
6.
Ana Luísa Daniel‐da‐Silva João Carlos Moura Bordado José Miguel Martín‐Martínez 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(22):3034-3045
The degree of phase separation in several moisture‐cured poly(urethane urea)s (PUUs) was studied by FTIR spectroscopy, wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). This latter technique was shown to be particularly useful in analysing the degree of phase separation in PUU polymers. Both phase mixing and phase segregation coexisted in the PUUs and the degree of phase separation increased as the urea hard segment (HS) content in the PUU increased. The maximum solubility of urea HSs into the polyol soft segments (SSs) was achieved for 50 wt % urea HS content in diol‐based PUUs, whereas for triol‐based PUUs the highest solubility between HS and SS was reached for lower urea HS amount. Finally, the higher the urea HS content the higher the extent of phase separation in the PUU. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 3034–3045, 2007 相似文献
7.
Rhythmic growth of ring‐banded spherulites in blends of liquid crystalline methoxy‐poly(aryl ether ketone) (M‐PAEK) and poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The measurements reveal that the formation of the rhythmically grown ring‐banded spherulites in the M‐PAEK/PEEK blends is strongly dependent on the blend composition. In the M‐PAEK‐rich blends, upon cooling, an unusual ring‐banded spherulite is formed, which is ascribed to structural discontinuity caused by a rhythmic radial growth. For the 50:50 M‐PAEK/PEEK blend, ring‐banded spherulites and individual PEEK spherulites coexist in the system. In the blends with PEEK as the predominant component, M‐PAEK is rejected into the boundary of PEEK spherulites. The cooling rate and crystallization temperature have great effect on the phase behavior, especially the ring‐banded spherulite formation in the blends. In addition, the effects of M‐PAEK phase transition rate and phase separation rate on banded spherulite formation is discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 3011–3024, 2007 相似文献
8.
Trabecular bone fracture is closely related to the trabecular architecture, microdamage accumulation, and bone tissue properties. Primary constituents of trabecular tissue are hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized type-I collagen fibers. In this research, dynamic fracture in two dimensional (2-D) micrographs of ovine (sheep) trabecular bone is modeled using the mesoscale cohesive finite element method (CFEM). The bone tissue fracture properties are obtained based on the atomistic strength analyses of a type-I collagen + HA interfacial arrangement using molecular dynamics (MD). Analyses show that the presented framework is capable of analyzing the architecture dependent fracture in 2-D micrographs of trabecular bone. 相似文献
9.
V.I. Kushch I. Sevostianov L. Mishnaevsky Jr 《International Journal of Solids and Structures》2008,45(18-19):5103-5117
The paper addresses the problem of calculation of the local stress field and effective elastic properties of a unidirectional fiber reinforced composite with anisotropic constituents. For this aim, the representative unit cell approach has been utilized. The micro geometry of the composite is modeled by a periodic structure with a unit cell containing multiple circular fibers. The number of fibers is sufficient to account for the micro structure statistics of composite. A new method based on the multipole expansion technique is developed to obtain the exact series solution for the micro stress field. The method combines the principle of superposition, technique of complex potentials and some new results in the theory of special functions. A proper choice of potentials and new results for their series expansions allow one to reduce the boundary-value problem for the multiple-connected domain to an ordinary, well-posed set of linear algebraic equations. This reduction provides high numerical efficiency of the developed method. Exact expressions for the components of the effective stiffness tensor have been obtained by analytical averaging of the strain and stress fields. 相似文献
10.
K. Y. Sandhya C. K. S. Pillai K. Sree Kumar 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(7):1289-1298
New hydrogen‐bonded liquid‐crystalline poly(ester amide)s (PEA)s were obtained from 1,4‐terephthaloyl[bis‐(3‐nitro‐N‐anthranilic acid)] (5) or 1,4‐terephthaloyl[bis‐(N‐anthranilic acid)] (6), with or without nitro groups, respectively, through the separate condensation of each with hydroquinone or dihydroxynaphthalene. The dicarboxylic monomers were synthesized from 2‐aminobenzoic acid. The phase behavior of the monomers and polymers were studied with differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction methods. Monomer 5, containing nitro groups, exhibited a smectic liquid‐crystalline phase, whereas the texture of monomer 6 without nitro groups appeared to be nematic. The PEAs containing nitro groups exhibited polymorphism (smectic and nematic), whereas those without nitro groups exhibited only one phase transition (a nematic threaded texture). The changes occurring in the phase behavior of the polymers were explained by the introduction of nitro groups. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1289–1298, 2004 相似文献