Malononitrile-involved Michael addition polymerization: An efficient and facile route for cyano-rich polyesters with programmable thermal and mechanical properties

An efficient, atom-economic, oxygen-tolerant, and water-tolerant strategy has been established to synthesize cyano-rich polyesters. Four kinds of organic bases, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) were explored for accelerating Michael addition polymerization of malononitrile and 1,4-butandiol diacrylate. TMG can promote the polymerization efficiently under mild conditions to quantitatively afford polyester with high-molecular weight and moderate polydispersity. The comparison of the kinetic studies of TMG and TBD reveals that TMG shows better catalytic performance, while the catalysis of TBD brings about oligomers in spite of the higher efficiency at early age of the polymerization. Moreover, other diacrylate compounds could also be quantitatively polymerized to afford polyesters with high molecular weight. When dimethacrylate is chose as the monomer, the polymerization becomes sluggish. All the afforded polyesters display programmable thermal and mechanical properties that are closely related to their chemical structures.     

聚乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维结构形成的影响条件及其生物矿化活性

以二氧六环/冰醋酸为溶剂体系,采用相分离法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/壳聚糖(CS)复合纳米纤维结构的组织工程支架,探讨了不同CS含量、不同凝胶温度及不同分子量对PLA/CS复合支架纳米纤维结构的影响以及支架的生物活性。结果表明,凝胶温度对PLA/CS复合材料的纳米纤维结构影响较大,且随着温度的降低,结构的微观尺寸也逐渐增大,从纳米级上升到普通的尺寸结构;CS含量对PLA/CS复合支架的基体结构影响不大;实验范围内PLA分子量对PLA/CS复合支架的纳米纤维结构有重要影响:分子量大的样品,较易得到PLA/CS复合纳米纤维结构的材料,而分子量小的样品则不能得到纳米纤维结构。另外,生物矿化实验表明CS的添加有利于PLA/CS复合材料生物活性的提高。     

Stability results for impulsive pantograph equations

By employing the Lyapunov functions and Razumikhin technique, some stability results are obtained for pantograph equations with impulses. Our results reveal the fact that certain impulses may make an unstable system stable and that the stability of pantograph equations may also be inherited by impulsive pantograph ones under appropriate impulsive perturbations.     

Structure and electronic properties of MNO3 (M: Li,Na, K,NH4) under pressure: DFT-D study

The structural and electronic properties of crystalline nitrates have been investigated within the framework of density functional theory including van der Waals interactions. Pressure behavior of nitrates has been investigated using semiempirical dispersion correction scheme DFT-D. The optimizations of the crystal structures have been done with full relaxation of the atomic positions and lattice parameters under the experimentally determined crystal symmetries. The pressure dependences of geometrical parameters, band gaps, densities of states, charge distributions, overlap populations and atomic charges are computed. The predicted results agree well with the available experimental data.     

Phase retrieval for off-axis digital holography using multiplexing with hologram rotation and complex encoding

Optical Review - An efficient method of reconstructing the phase distribution for off-axis digital holography is proposed using hologram multiplexing with hologram rotation and complex encoding. A...     

Parameterized inverse singular value problem for anti-bisymmetric matrices

In this paper, the singular value decompositions of anti-symmetric matrices and anti-bisymmetric matrices are presented, and a class of parameterized inverse singular value problem for anti-bisymmetric matrices is solved. Numerical examples which confirm our theory are presented.     

Simultaneous determination of cyromazine,melamine and their biodegradation products by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography

An ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method for the determination of cyromazine, melamine and its biodegradation products (ammeline, ammelide, cyanuric acid and biuret) was developed. C18 column was utilised to separate the six analytes with a mobile phase consisting of perchloric acid-ammonia solution and acetonitrile, under gradient elution and variable flow rate. The detection wavelengths were 205 nm for cyanuric acid and biuret and 222 nm for cyromazine, melamine, ammeline and ammelide. For analysis of sediment samples, the extraction solution containing acetonitrile, ammonia and water (80:10:10 by volume) was used to extract the analytes from sediment matrix. Using the extraction method for the spiked sediment sample, high linearity of matrix-matched standard curve could be obtained for the six analytes. The method detection limit was 0.1 μg g^?1 for melamine and cyromazine, 0.2 μg g^?1 for ammeline and ammelide, 1.2 μg g^?1 for cyanuric acid and 1.0 μg g^?1 for biuret in sediment matrix. The recoveries of these compounds were 70.1–98.3% and the relative standard deviations were 0.5–4.4%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the sediment sample near the wastewater outlet of a melamine-producing factory.     

解P_0非线性互补问题的光滑Levenberg-Marquardt方法

本文研究了一个P0非线性互补问题.利用信赖域技术获得了求解该问题的光滑Levenberg-Marquardt算法,该算法在一定条件下具有全局性.利用局部误差界还获得了该算法的超线性和二次收敛.数值结果表明该算法是有效的.     

Superb thermal stability purple-blue phosphor through synergistic effect of emission compensation and nonradiative transition restriction of Eu2+

Phosphors with outstanding luminescence thermal stability are desirable for high-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED) lightings. High structural rigidity and large bandgap of phosphor hosts are helpful to suppress nonradiative relaxation of optical centers and realize excellent thermal stability. Unfortunately, few host materials simultaneously possess aforementioned structural features. Herein, we confirm that Sr₃(PO₄)₂ (SPO) phosphate possesses high structural rigidity (Debye temperature, Θ_D = 559 K) and large bandgap (E_g = 8.313 eV) by density functional theory calculations. As expected, Eu²⁺-doped SPO purple-blue phosphors show extraordinary thermal stability. At 150/300 °C, SPO:5%Eu²⁺ presents emission loss of only 4%/8% and a predicated ultrahigh thermal quenching temperature of 973 °C. The most strikingly discoveries here are that thermal-induced emission compensation appears within two distinct Eu²⁺ sites of SPO host. The outstanding thermal stability, on one hand, is attributed to rigid structure and large bandgap of host that inhibits nonradiative relaxation of Eu²⁺ and on the other hand, the emission self-compensation of Eu²⁺. Benefiting from synergistic effect of emission compensation and nonradiative transition restriction of Eu²⁺, as-prepared SPO:5%Eu²⁺ purple-blue phosphor not only presents superior thermal stability but also high internal quantum efficiency of 95.1% and excellent hydrolysis resistant. Some advanced applications are explored including white LED lighting and wide-color-gamut display. Our work provides in-deep insights into structure-property relationships of thermally stable phosphors.     

Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics and their applications

The abuse of antibiotics will cause an increase of drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution,which in turn will affect human health.Therefore,it is important to develop effective detection techniques to determine the level of antibiotics contamination in various fields.Compared with traditional detection methods,electrochemical sensors have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as high sensitivity,low detection limit,and good selectivity.In this mini review,we summarized the latest developments and new trends in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics.Here,modification methods and materials of electrode are discussed.We also pay more attention to the practical applications of antibiotics electrochemical sensors in different fields.In addition,the existing problems and the future challenges ahead have been proposed.We hope that this review can provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical sensors for antibiotics in the future.