Research on Hawking Radiation as Tunneling from Schwarzshild-anti-de Sitter Black Hole

After taking into account energy conservation and the particle’s self-gravitation interaction, Hawking radiation of the massive particle as tunneling from Schwarzshild-anti-de Sitter black hole is studied by using Parikh-Wilczek’s semi-classical quantum tunneling approach. Meanwhile, Hawking radiation as tunneling from the black hole is reexamined by developing Angheben–Nadalini–Vanzo–Zerbini (ANVZ) covariant method to cover energy conservation and the particle’s self-gravitation interaction. Both the results perfectly generalize those obtained by Parikh and Wilczek, and show that the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and the factual emission spectrum is not exactly thermal, but satisfies the underlying unitary theory. PACS: 04.70-s, 9760. Lf.     

An extension of gap functions for a system of vector equilibrium problems with applications to optimization problems

In this paper, the notion of gap functions is extended from scalar case to vector one. Then, gap functions and generalized functions for several kinds of vector equilibrium problems are shown. As an application, the dual problem of a class of optimization problems with a system of vector equilibrium constraints (in short, OP) is established, the concavity of the dual function, the weak duality of (OP) and the saddle point sufficient condition are derived by using generalized gap functions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10671135) and the Applied Research Project of Sichuan Province (05JY029-009-1).     

l-Proline amide-catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction of aldehydes with chloroacetone

l-Proline amides were evaluated for catalyzing the direct aldol reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde with chloroacetone. The presence of 30 mol% (S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-amide catalyzed the direct aldol reactions of a range of aldehydes with chloroacetone to give anti-α-chloro-β-hydroxyketones with high regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity.     

Preparation of graphene platelet-Ru(phen) 3 2+ assemblies and their application in electrochemiluminescence detection

Graphene platelet (GP)-Ru(phen) ₃ ²⁺ assembles have been prepared through self-assembly of poly sodium styrenesulfonate (PSS) functionalized GPs and Ru(phen) ₃ ²⁺ driven by electrostatic attraction interactions in aqueous solution. The resultant assembled GP-Ru(phen) ₃ ²⁺ hybrid structure modified electrode exhibits excellent electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behaviors because of the ECL active species Ru(phen) ₃ ²⁺ contained therein.     

A Cost‐Effective 3D Hydrogen Evolution Cathode with High Catalytic Activity: FeP Nanowire Array as the Active Phase

Iron is the cheapest and one of the most abundant transition metals. Natural [FeFe]‐hydrogenases exhibit remarkably high activity in hydrogen evolution, but they suffer from high oxygen sensitivity and difficulty in scale‐up. Herein, an FeP nanowire array was developed on Ti plate (FeP NA/Ti) from its β‐FeOOH NA/Ti precursor through a low‐temperature phosphidation reaction. When applied as self‐supported 3D hydrogen evolution cathode, the FeP NA/Ti electrode shows exceptionally high catalytic activity and good durability, and it only requires overpotentials of 55 and 127 mV to afford current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm², respectively. The excellent electrocatalytic performance is promising for applications as non‐noble‐metal HER catalyst with a high performance–price ratio in electrochemical water splitting for large‐scale hydrogen fuel production.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极同时测定维生素B2、B6、B12和维生素C

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(MWNT/GCE),研究了维生素B2、B6、B12和维生素C共存时在该电极上的电化学行为.实验发现,在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,该电极可同时测定以上四种维生素,线性范围分别为1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4 mol/L、5.0×10-5～2.0×10-3 mol/L、5.0×10-5～7.5×10-4 mol/L和5.0×10-5～2.0×10-3 mol/L,其检出限分别为7.0×10-7 mol/L、1.0×10-5 mol/L、2.5×10-5 mol/L和5.0×10-6 mol/L.样品分析的RSD分别为1.66%、1.71%、2.26%和1.46%.方法简便快捷,可用于四种维生素同时分析测定.     

H+CN体系中平行络合反应的动力学

利用分子反应动力学的经典轨迹法研究化学反应体系已经开展了很多工作,但是,研究长寿命络合物的几何异构体就显得有些困难,主要表现在该方法对几何异构体不容易判别．由于这些原因和计算机时大增,Davis[1]利用经典轨迹法和统计方法相结合,研究了H＋CN和H＋NC体系在固定方位时的长寿命络合物动力学行为,并且采用Murrel等[2]拟合光谱数据的势能函数,该势能函数在HCN和HNC平衡点的频率与实验值相差较大．本文利用经典轨迹法研究了H＋CN产生HCN和HNC平行络合物异构体的分子反应动力学行为,揭示了平行络合反应产生几何异构体的…     

乙醛低温绿色合成:焦磷酸锆催化乳酸脱羰反应

以生物基乳酸为原料,焦磷酸锆为催化剂,通过脱羰反应制备乙醛。探讨了模板剂、焙烧温度对催化剂的织构、表面酸碱性以及催化活性的影响规律。以此为基础,进一步揭示了催化剂的表面性质与脱羰反应活性之间的构效关系,发现乳酸脱羰反应由催化剂表面的酸碱位协同催化。和文献报道的相关催化剂比较,该催化剂拥有良好的低温催化活性。此外,在较高液空速、低催化剂用量以及控制低乳酸转化率(40%)下,催化剂连续运行50 h左右后,乳酸转化率及乙醛选择性没有明显变化,表明该催化剂拥有良好的稳定性能。通过反应尾气分析,证实了乙醛的合成主要是通过乳酸脱羰反应途径实现。