The blogosphere as an excitable social medium: Richter’s and Omori’s Law in media coverage

We study the dynamics of public media attention by monitoring the content of online blogs. Social and media events can be traced by the propagation of word frequencies of related keywords. Media events are classified as exogenous–where blogging activity is triggered by an external news item–or endogenous where word frequencies build up within a blogging community without external influences. We show that word occurrences exhibit statistical similarities to earthquakes. Moreover the size distribution of events scales with a similar exponent as found in the Gutenberg–Richter law. The dynamics of media events before and after the main event can be satisfactorily modeled as a type of process which has been used to understand fore–and aftershock rate distributions in earthquakes–the Omori law. We present empirical evidence that for media events of endogenous origin the overall public reception of the event is correlated with the behavior of word frequencies at the beginning of the event, and is to a certain degree predictable. These results imply that the process of opinion formation in a human society might be related to effects known from excitable media.     

On the photon-drag effect of photocurrent of surface states of topological insulators

The photocurrent of surface states of topological insulator due to photon-drag effect is computed, being based on pure Dirac model of surface states. The scattering by disorder is taken into account to provide a relaxation mechanism for the photocurrent. The Keldysh–Schwinger formalism has been employed for the systematic calculation of photocurrent. The helicity dependent photocurrent of sizable magnitude transverse to the in-plane photon momentum is found, which is consistent with experimental data. Other helicity independent photocurrents with various polarization states are also calculated.     

Curvelet结合图像方向离散度的DSPI无损检测缺陷边缘提取

边缘提取是DSPI无损检测缺陷自动识别的基础.根据人类视觉识别的特点,提出以Curvelet多尺度几何分析为基础进行缺陷图像的边缘提取,为了对DSPI检测过程中因光照不足等原因产生的伪缺陷进行分辨,基于矢量积定义了图像的方向离散度,并与Curvelet多尺度分析方法相结合,在橡胶复合材料DSPI无损检测中进行应用.     

手性硫脲叔胺催化不对称Michael加成反应合成α,α-双取代芳基氨基酸前体

手性硫脲-叔胺催化剂(1)催化α-取代硝基乙酸酯与丙烯醛发生Michael加成反应,合成了一系列α,α-双取代芳基氨基酸前体(4a～4j),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和ESI-HR-MS表征.以合成4b为例,考察了溶剂,反应温度和反应时间等对反应的影响,结果表明,在1 10 mol%,甲苯为溶剂,于-60 ℃反应100 h的最佳反应条件下,4b的收率94%,74%e.e..并合成了一系列4b的衍生物.     

高效液相色谱同时测定饲料中三种抗生素

建立了反相高效液相色谱法同时检测饲料中土霉素、四环素、金霉素的方法.色谱柱为AichromBond-AQ C18柱,150×4.6mm,粒度5μm;流动相:0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液(pH2.5)+乙氰,采用梯度洗脱,乙氰浓度在0～13min内由13%上升到40%;柱温35℃;流速为1.0mL/min;进样量101μL;检测波长375nm.方法检出限:土霉素和四环素0.25μg/mL、金霉素0.50μg/mL,回收率91.70%～101.19%,RSD<1.39%(n=7).     

Dual Organocatalysis: Asymmetric Allylic–Allylic Alkylation of α,α‐Dicyanoalkenes and Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates

The first highly enantioselective allylic–allylic alkylation of α,α‐dicyanoalkenes and Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates by dual catalysis of (DHQD)₂AQN and (S)‐BINOL has been investigated. Excellent stereoselectivities have been achieved for a broad spectrum of substrates (d.r. > 99:1, up to 99 % ee). The multifunctional allylic products could be efficiently converted to a range of complex chiral cyclic frameworks. EWG=electron‐withdrawing group, (DHQD)₂AQN=hydroquinidine (anthraquinone‐1,4‐diyl) diether, (S)‐BINOL =(S)‐(?)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol.

     

Enantioselective Michael addition of anthrone to nitroalkenes catalyzed by bifunctional thiourea-tertiary amines

A highly bifunctional thiourea-tertiary amine-catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition reaction of anthrone to a wide variety of nitroalkenes has been developed, and the corresponding adducts were obtained smoothly in high yields (up to 97%) and good enantioselectivities (up to 94% ee).