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1.
Analytic solutions of an iterative functional equation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
2.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2022,15(12):104268
Neomangiferin (NMF) is an extremely special xanthone that could be simultaneously attributed to C-glycoside and O-glycoside with a variety of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antipyretic, and so on. So far as we know, the metabolism profiling has been insufficient until now. Herein, Drug Metabolite Cluster Centers (DMCCs)-based Strategy has been developed to profile the NMF metabolites in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, the DMCCs was proposed depending on literature-related and preliminary analysis results. Secondly, the specific metabolic rule was implemented to screen the metabolites of candidate DMCCs from the acquired Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) data by extracted ion chromatography (EIC) method. Thirdly, candidate metabolites were accurately and tentatively identified according to the pyrolysis law of mass spectrometry, literature reports, comparison of reference substances, and especially the diagnostic product ions (DPIs) deduced preliminarily. Finally, network pharmacology was adopted to elucidate the anti-inflammatory action mechanism of NMF on the basis of DMCCs. As a result, 3 critical metabolites including NMF, Mangiferin (MF) and Norathyriol (NA) were proposed as DMCCs, and a total of 61 NMF metabolites (NMF included) were finally screened and characterized coupled with 3 different biological sample preparation methods including solid phase extraction (SPE), acetonitrile precipitation and methanol precipitation. Among them, 32 metabolites were discovered in rat urine, 30 in rat plasma, 12 in rat liver, 9 metabolites in liver microsomes and 8 in rat faeces, respectively. Our results also illustrated that NMF primarily underwent deglucosylation, glucuronidation, methylation, sulfation, dihydroxylation and their composite reactions in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, network pharmacology analysis based on DMCCs revealed 85 common targets of disease-metabolites, and the key targets were TNF, EGFR, ESR1, PTGS2, HIF1A, IL-2, PRKCA and PRKCB. They exerted anti-inflammatory effects mainly through the pathways of inflammatory response, calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity, nitrogen metabolism, pathways in cancer and so on. In general, our study constructed a novel strategy to comprehensive elucidate the biotransformation pathways of NMF in vivo and in vitro, and provided vital reference for further understanding its anti-inflammatory action mechanism. Moreover, the established strategy could be generalized to the metabolism and action mechanism study of other natural products. 相似文献
3.
ZnO nanotubes were synthesized in large scale by thermal decomposition of the precursors obtained via chemical reaction between Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and NaHCO3 in the presence of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The inner diameters of the tubes were in the range of 80~100 nm, and outer diameters in the range of 160~260 nm with lengths up to a few micrometers. The products were characterized with XRD, TEM, and SEM. 相似文献
4.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2022,15(9):103970
Ethnopharmacological relevanceMetabolic syndrome is closely related to the intestinal microbiota and disturbances in the host metabolome. Hyperuricemia (HUA), a manifestation of metabolic syndrome, can induce various cardiovascular diseases and gout, seriously affecting a patient’s quality of life. Astragalus membranaceus has a long history as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine to treat kidney disease in China and East Asia.Materials and methodsWe compared the therapeutic effect of benzbromarone and two different doses Astragalus membranaceus ultrafine powder (AMUP) in rats with HUA. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to analyze the AMUP metabolism in the plasma, urine, and feces. Further, 16S ribosome RNA sequencing and feces metabolomic were performed to capture the variation of the gut microbiota and metabolites changes before and after drug administration.ResultsAMUP had a notable impact on reducing blood uric acid levels while protecting the liver and kidney. Drug metabolism analysis demonstrated that effective constituent flavonoids are distributed in the blood, whereas saponins remain in the intestine. Gut microbiota analysis showed that low-dose AMUP ameliorated HUA-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria and increasing that of some beneficial bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, such as Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, and Muribaculaceae. In addition, HUA-induced changes in metabolite contents in bile acid and adrenal hormone biosynthesis pathways were restored after treatment with AMUP.ConclusionLow-dose AMUP exerts remarkable therapeutic effects on HUA by regulating the gut microbiome and mediating gut metabolism pathways associated with uric acid excretion. 相似文献
5.
An investigation into the bulk properties, elastic properties and Debye temperature under pressure, and deformation mode under tension of Al8Cu4Y and Al8Cr4Y compounds was investigated by using first principles calculations based on density functional theory. The calculated lattice constants for the ternary compounds (Al8Cu4Y and Al8Cr4Y) are in good agreement with the experimental data. It can be seen from interatomic distances that the bonding between Al1 atom and Cr, Y, and Al2 atoms in Al8Cr4Y are stronger than Al8Cu4Y. The results of cohesive energy show that Al8Cr4Y should be easier to be formed and much stronger chemical bonds than Al8Cu4Y. The bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν can be obtained by using the Voigt–Reuss–Hill averaging scheme. From the results of elastic properties, Al8Cr4Y has the stronger mechanical behavior than Al8Cu4Y. Our calculations also show that pressure has a greater effect on mechanical behavior for both compounds. The ideal tensile strength are obtained by stress-strain relationships under [001](001) uniaxial tensile deformation, which are 15.4 and 23.4 GPa for Al8Cu4Y and Al8Cr4Y, respectively. The total and partial density of states and electron charge density under uniaxial tensile deformations for Al8Cu4Y and Al8Cr4Y compounds are also calculated and discussed in this work. 相似文献
6.
7.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2022,15(10):104157
We have investigated the effective utilization potential of carbon nanomaterials in the field of pour point depressants, and reported three kind of carbon-based hybrid nano-pour-point depressants with different dimensions. In this paper, poly-α-olefins-acrylate high-carbon ester pour point depressant (PAA-18) was prepared by esterification and polymerization as the basic pour point depressant. Then, the basic pour point depressant PAA18 was modified by solvothermal method with graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanospheres (Cna) and carbon nanotubes (OCNTs). The morphology and structure of the composites were analyzed by SEM, FTIR and XRD. The results showed that PAA18 was successfully in situ polymerized on GO, Cna and OCNTs. We took the simulated oil as the experimental object, and evaluated its pour point, rheological properties and wax crystal morphology, and achieved excellent results. In the three carbon-based hybrid nano-pour-point depressants with different carbon contents, the oxidation carbon nanotubes composite pour point depressant (PAA18-1 % OCNTs) with carbon content of 1 % had the best pour point and viscosity reduction effect when the dosage was 1250 ppm, which could make the pour point of the simulated oil containing wax decrease by 16 °C. PAA18-1 % OCNTs reduced the pour point by 5 °C more than PAA18. This paper provides reference for the application of carbon nanomaterials in the field of pour point depressant. 相似文献
8.
《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2014,25(9):744-749
Phosphine–phosphites 3a and 3b, derived from diphenylhydroxymethyl phosphine have been prepared. From these ligands [Rh(COD)(3a)]BF4 5a and RuCl2(3b)[(S,S)-DPEN] 6b (DPEN = 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine) were synthesized and their structure determined by X-ray diffraction. Ligands 3 are characterized by a small bite angle of 83°. In addition, 5a led to an active catalyst for the hydrogenation of olefins, giving enantioselectivities of up to 96% ee. Likewise, compound 6b showed good activity and enantioselectivity in the hydrogenation of N-1-phenyl ethylidene aniline and a completed reaction at S/C = 500 in 24 h with 83% ee. 相似文献
9.
In order to study the adaptation ability of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the Yellow River Delta, the sweet sorghum variety Mart was used in this study to determine the roles of different saline-alkaline ratio stress treatment during seed germination to seedling stage. The results showed that Na+ concentration had a significant impact on the seed germination, seedling growth, and plant survival of sweet sorghum. Increasing Na+ concentration led to a decline in germination rate, final germination percentage, survival percentage, plant height, and dry weight per plant, a prolonged mean time of germination, as well as loss of improvement effect of low-Na+ concentration. The interaction effect of Na+ concentration and pH on the mean time of germination and germination rate was not significant (p?0.05). However, under the condition of low-Na+ concentration (100 mM), high pH reduced the mean time of germination and increased the germination rate, without decline in final germination percentage and survival percentage. Therefore, at least in the duration of seed germination to the harvest period in the research, the sweet sorghum was resistant to the pH stress (≥9.04) when the Na+ concentration was below 100 mM. When suffered from the saline-alkaline stress, the seedling of sweet sorghum was characterized by ecological adaptive features, such as decreased stem ratio and chlorophyll b content in leaves and increased root ratio and chlorophyll a content, in order to maintain the uptakes of water and nutrient, and carbon assimilation. When the stress intensified, the lipid oxidation products, e.g., malondialdehyde (MDA), increased in sweet sorghum seedlings. However, the increasing of soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and gatalase (CAT)) was only founded in neutral low-Na+ concentration treatment (A1), which indicated that high-salt concentration and pH all elicited harmful effects and limited the self-healing ability of sweet sorghum seedlings. In all, in order to grow sweet sorghum in the saline-alkaline soils of the Yellow River Delta, the salt concentration and pH value of the soil must be taken into consideration, and seeding density should be increased and supported by appropriate irrigation measures to reduce saline-alkaline stress so as to ensure the survival and growth of sweet sorghum seedlings. 相似文献
10.
《Polyhedron》1988,7(6):449-462
The complexes [ML*(NO)Cl(OR)] {L* = HB(3,5-Me2C3HN2)3; M= Mo, R = CH2CH2X, X = Cl, OMe or OEt; (CH2)nOH, n = 2, 5, 6; M = W, R = CH2CH2X, X = Cl, OMe or OEt; (CH2)nOH, n = 2–6; CH2(CF2)3CH2OH; CHMeCH2CMe2OH} and [ML*(NO)(OR)2] {M = Mo, R = CH2CH2X, X = Cl, OMe or OEt; (CH2)nOH, n = 2–6; M = W,R = CH2CH2X, X= Cl, OMe or OEt; (CH2)nOH, n = 2,4–6; CH2(CF2)3CH2OH} have been prepared from [ML*(NO)Cl2] and the appropriate alcohol in the presence of NEt3 or NaCO3, and have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. 相似文献