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排序方式: 共有339条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Pumping through Porous Hydrophobic/Oleophilic Materials: An Alternative Technology for Oil Spill Remediation
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Jin Ge Yin‐Dong Ye Hong‐Bin Yao Xi Zhu Xu Wang Liang Wu Jin‐Long Wang Prof. Hang Ding Prof. Ni Yong Prof. Ling‐Hui He Prof. Dr. Shu‐Hong Yu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(14):3612-3616
Recently, porous hydrophobic/oleophilic materials (PHOMs) have been shown to be the most promising candidates for cleaning up oil spills; however, due to their limited absorption capacity, a large quantity of PHOMs would be consumed in oil spill remediation, causing serious economic problems. In addition, the complicated and time‐consuming process of oil recovery from these sorbents is also an obstacle to their practical application. To solve the above problems, we apply external pumping on PHOMs to realize the continuous collection of oil spills in situ from the water surface with high speed and efficiency. Based on this novel design, oil/water separation and oil collection can be simultaneously achieved in the remediation of oil spills, and the oil sorption capacity is no longer limited to the volume and weight of the sorption material. This novel external pumping technique may bring PHOMs a step closer to practical application in oil spill remediation. 相似文献
2.
Interface Engineering in Two‐Dimensional Heterostructures: Towards an Advanced Catalyst for Ullmann Couplings
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Dr. Xu Sun Haitao Deng Prof. Wenguang Zhu Zhi Yu Prof. Changzheng Wu Prof. Yi Xie 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(5):1704-1709
The design of advanced catalysts for organic reactions is of profound significance. During such processes, electrophilicity and nucleophilicity play vital roles in the activation of chemical bonds and ultimately speed up organic reactions. Herein, we demonstrate a new way to regulate the electro‐ and nucleophilicity of catalysts for organic transformations. Interface engineering in two‐dimensional heteronanostructures triggered electron transfer across the interface. The catalyst was thus rendered more electropositive, which led to superior performance in Ullmann reactions. In the presence of the engineered 2D Cu2S/MoS2 heteronanostructure, the coupling of iodobenzene and para‐chlorophenol gave the desired product in 92 % yield under mild conditions (100 °C). Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited excellent stability as well as high recyclability with a yield of 89 % after five cycles. We propose that interface engineering could be widely employed for the development of new catalysts for organic reactions. 相似文献
3.
Hydrogen Treatment for Superparamagnetic VO2 Nanowires with Large Room‐Temperature Magnetoresistance
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Zejun Li Yuqiao Guo Prof. Zhenpeng Hu Jihu Su Jiyin Zhao Junchi Wu Jiajing Wu Yingcheng Zhao Prof. Changzheng Wu Prof. Yi Xie 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(28):8018-8022
One‐dimensional (1D) transition metal oxide (TMO) nanostructures are actively pursued in spintronic devices owing to their nontrivial d electron magnetism and confined electron transport pathways. However, for TMOs, the realization of 1D structures with long‐range magnetic order to achieve a sensitive magnetoelectric response near room temperature has been a longstanding challenge. Herein, we exploit a chemical hydric effect to regulate the spin structure of 1D V–V atomic chains in monoclinic VO2 nanowires. Hydrogen treatment introduced V3+ (3d2) ions into the 1D zigzag V–V chains, triggering the formation of ferromagnetically coupled V3+–V4+ dimers to produce 1D superparamagnetic chains and achieve large room‐temperature negative magnetoresistance (?23.9 %, 300 K, 0.5 T). This approach offers new opportunities to regulate the spin structure of 1D nanostructures to control the intrinsic magnetoelectric properties of spintronic materials. 相似文献
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运用一维冲击波模型和三维细观有限元模型分析了多胞牺牲层的抗爆炸行为. 基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH)的多胞材料模型,建立了一维冲击波模型,得到了多胞牺牲层中冲击波传播的控制方程. 揭示了冲击波在多胞牺牲层中的传播特性,并阐述了附加质量和爆炸载荷强度两个参数对牺牲层设计的重要影响. 比较了基于刚性-理想塑性-锁定(R-PP-L) 模型和基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH) 模型的多胞牺牲层的结构设计,指出了两种模型的适用范围. 通过基于三维Voronoi 技术的细观有限元方法验证了基于R-PH 模型的多胞牺牲层结构的设计准则. 相似文献
6.
多胞材料可通过大变形大量地吸收冲击能量,引入密度梯度可进一步提高其耐撞性。梯度多胞材料的宏观力学响应对材料密度分布极为敏感,不同类型的细观构型的影响也极为不同。已有的研究工作主要局限在对给定的密度梯度分析其动态响应,较少对耐撞性设计方法进行研究。本文针对梯度闭孔泡沫金属材料,基于非线性塑性冲击波模型发展了耐撞性反向设计方法,以维持冲击物受载恒定为目标,运用级数法获得了简化模型和渐近解。利用变胞元尺寸法构建了连续梯度变化的三维Voronoi细观有限元模型,并利用ABAQUS/Explicit有限元软件对理论设计进行数值验证。结果表明,反向设计理论简化模型的渐近解对于梯度闭孔泡沫金属材料的耐撞性设计是有效的,所提出的耐撞性设计方法在控制冲击吸能过程和冲击物受载方面具有指导意义。 相似文献
7.
针对现阶段光面爆破存在的根底不平整问题以及炸药能量利用率低的问题,提出了一种螺旋管聚能药包。为探究药包的破岩机理,采用LS-DYNA数值模拟和钻孔爆破试验相结合的方法研究了此药包的破岩机理。数值模拟结果表明,螺旋管聚能药包能形成连续金属射流侵彻炮孔孔壁,孔壁被侵彻出垂直炮孔方向的裂缝。用普通柱状药包和此药包进行钻孔爆破对比试验,结果表明,螺旋管药包试样的残留炮孔孔壁有螺旋形侵彻缝,印证了数值模拟的侵彻结果。并且相比于普通柱状药包,其炮孔利用率提高7.2%、扩孔率提高8.4%。将此药包应用于舟山绿色石化基地围垦区,结果表明,螺旋管药包爆破区域根底高度平均比普通装药低14 cm,根底高度标准差比普通装药小12 cm。研究成果在爆破工程应用中有很大价值,可以降低施工成本、加快施工进度、提高爆破效果,适合在矿山开采、井巷掘进等工程中使用。 相似文献
8.
SHPB数据处理中的二波法与三波法 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
分析了传统的分离式霍普金森压杆测试数据处理方法(二波法)及其他被提出的改进方法的误差及优缺点,给出了传统二波处理方法在不同被测材料情况下所带来的误差。分析结果表明,基于绝对时间下的试件应力及应变计算的三波处理法具有最好的可信度且能最大程度地避免数据处理过程中的人为因素。传统二波法在不同测试情况下均不是优选的方法。对于三波测试无法进行的情况,也提出了一种简化三波处理方法。 相似文献
9.
中国科学技术大学光力学实验室近年从事实验力学方法在红外成像、金属物理学以及生化传感等交叉领域的研究,为实验力学带来了新的研究内容,也为相关领域的研究开辟出独特的途径。本文拟对该小组近年来取得的研究进展作一个概述:1)提出微梁阵列FPA变形的高灵敏光学检测法,设计制作出相应的FPA,实现了新概念光学读出红外成像,热成像指标处于国际领先;2)提出用动态散斑研究合金材料锯齿形屈服剪切带,建立了溶质原子与位错交互作用的动态应变时效模型,再现出锯齿形加载曲线和带反复传播的轨迹;3)提出用微梁传感研究大分子/蛋白质构象折叠,检测到构象转变过程中分子间力的相互作用信息和折叠动力学过程,为研究大分子折叠机理提供了一种新途径。 相似文献
10.
A Gaussian distribution model was developed to examine the field-induced performance of anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers. The developed model was based on the assumption that the iron particles in magnetorheological elastomers aggregate into a large number of parallel body-centered tetragonal structure columns whose length obeys the Gaussian distribution. By using multi-pole approximation with local field effect and taking into account the nonlinearity and saturation of particle magnetization, the field-induced shear modulus was calculated as a function of distribution and dimension of the particle structures, the external magnetic field and the dynamic shear strain. Compared with other modes as well as the published experimental results, this model shows a remarkable improvement in accurately predicting the behavior of the magnetorheological elastomers. 相似文献