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1.
This paper deals mainly with generalizations of results in finitary combinatorics to infinite ordinals. It is well-known that for finite ordinals ∑bT<αβ is the number of 2-element subsets of an α-element set. It is shown here that for any well-ordered set of arbitrary infinite order type α, ∑bT<αβ is the ordinal of the set M of 2-element subsets, where M is ordered in some natural way. The result is then extended to evaluating the ordinal of the set of all n-element subsets for each natural number n ≥ 2. Moreover, series ∑β<αf(β) are investigated and evaluated, where α is a limit ordinal and the function f belongs to a certain class of functions containing polynomials with natural number coefficients. The tools developed for this result can be extended to cover all infinite α, but the case of finite α appears to be quite problematic. 相似文献
2.
P.A. Ramachandran 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》2006,22(4):831-846
Time‐dependent differential equations can be solved using the concept of method of lines (MOL) together with the boundary element (BE) representation for the spatial linear part of the equation. The BE method alleviates the need for spatial discretization and casts the problem in an integral format. Hence errors associated with the numerical approximation of the spatial derivatives are totally eliminated. An element level local cubic approximation is used for the variable at each time step to facilitate the time marching and the nonlinear terms are represented in a semi‐implicit manner by a local linearization at each time step. The accuracy of the method has been illustrated on a number of test problems of engineering significance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2006 相似文献
3.
A simple scheme is developed for treatment of vertical bed topography in shallow water flows. The effect of the vertical step on flows is modelled with the shallow water equations including local energy loss terms. The bed elevation is denoted with zb‐ for the left and zb+ for the right values at each grid point, hence exactly representing a discontinuity in the bed topography. The surface gradient method (SGM) is generalized to reconstruct water depths at cell interfaces involving a vertical step so that the fluxes at the cell interfaces can accurately be calculated with a Riemann solver. The scheme is verified by predicting a surge crossing a step, a tidal flow over a step and dam‐break flows on wet/dry beds. The results have shown good agreements compared with analytical solutions and available experimental data. The scheme is efficient, robust, and may be used for practical flow calculations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Rakhim Aitbayev 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》2006,22(4):847-866
Efficient multilevel preconditioners are developed and analyzed for the quadrature finite element Galerkin approximation of the biharmonic Dirichlet problem. The quadrature scheme is formulated using the Bogner–Fox–Schmit rectangular element and the product two‐point Gaussian quadrature. The proposed additive and multiplicative preconditioners are uniformly spectrally equivalent to the operator of the quadrature scheme. The preconditioners are implemented by optimal algorithms, and they are used to accelerate convergence of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Numerical results are presented demonstrating efficiency of the preconditioners. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2006 相似文献
5.
In this work, the natural convection in a concentric annulus between a cold outer square cylinder and a heated inner circular cylinder is simulated using the differential quadrature (DQ) method. The vorticity‐stream function formulation is used as the governing equation, and the coordinate transformation technique is introduced in the DQ computation. It is shown in this paper that the outer square boundary can be approximated by a super elliptic function. As a result, the coordinate transformation from the physical domain to the computational domain is set up by an analytical expression, and all the geometrical parameters can be computed exactly. Numerical results for Rayleigh numbers range from 104 to 106 and aspect ratios between 1.67 and 5.0 are presented, which are in a good agreement with available data in the literature. It is found that both the aspect ratio and the Rayleigh number are critical to the patterns of flow and thermal fields. The present study suggests that a critical aspect ratio may exist at high Rayleigh number to distinguish the flow and thermal patterns. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
We extend the matrix version of Cochran's statistical theorem to outer inverses of a matrix. As applications, we investigate the Wishartness and independence of matrix quadratic forms for Kronecker product covariance structures. 相似文献
7.
Deborah M. Greaves 《国际流体数值方法杂志》2006,50(6):693-711
An adaptive hierarchical grid‐based method for predicting complex free surface flows is used to simulate collapse of a water column. Adapting quadtree grids are combined with a high‐resolution interface‐capturing approach and pressure‐based coupling of the Navier–Stokes equations. The Navier–Stokes flow solution scheme is verified for simulation of flow in a lid‐driven cavity at Re=1000. Two approaches to the coupling of the Navier–Stokes equations are investigated as are alternative face velocity and hanging node interpolations. Collapse of a water column as well as collapse of a water column and its subsequent interaction with an obstacle are simulated. The calculations are made on uniform and adapting quadtree grids, and the accuracy of the quadtree calculations is shown to be the same as those made on the equivalent uniform grids. Results are in excellent agreement with experimental and other numerical data. A sharp interface is maintained at the free surface. The new adapting quadtree‐based method achieves a considerable saving in the size of the computational grid and CPU time in comparison with calculations made on equivalent uniform grids. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
We consider the plane-strain buckling of a cylindrical shellof arbitrary thickness which is made of a Varga material andis subjected to an external hydrostatic pressure on its outersurface. The WKB method is used to solve the eigenvalue problemthat results from the linear bifurcation analysis. We show thatthe circular cross-section buckles into a non-circular shapeat a value of µ1 which depends on A1/A2 and a mode number,where A1 and A2 are the undeformed inner and outer radii, andµ1 is the ratio of the deformed inner radius to A1. Inthe large mode number limit, we find that the dependence ofµ1 on A1/A2 has a boundary layer structure: it is constantover almost the entire region of 0 < A1/A2 < 1 and decreasessharply from this constant value to unity as A1/A2 tends tounity. Our asymptotic results for A1 1 = O(1) and A1 1 = O(1/n) are shown to agree with the numerical resultsobtained by using the compound matrix method. 相似文献
9.
对求解非线性方程方法的探索 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BaiCL在2001年提出了双曲函数法,并把解设成具体的双曲函数,即sinhw和coshw的线性组合.本文把解设成是由2个函数f(ξ)和g(ξ)组成的线性组合,它们可以有多种取法,从而使方程更直接、更有效.借助数学软件Maple,用改进后的方法和吴文俊消元法,求解Bai C L文中的一个例子,获得了包含Bai文结果在内的更为丰富、精确的行波解. 相似文献
10.
We treat here of the question of absorbing boundary conditionsfor nonlinear diffusion equations. We use the conditions designedfor the linear equation, we prove them to be well posed forthe nonlinear problem, and through numerical experiments thatthey are well suited for reactiondiffusion equations. 相似文献