Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coking industries in China

This study set out to assess the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） emission from coking industries,with field samplings conducted at four typical coke plants.For each selected plant,stack flue gas samples were collected during processes that included charging coal into the ovens（CC）,pushing coke（PC） and the combustion of coke-oven gas（CG）.Sixteen individual PAHs on the US EPA priority list were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry（GC/MS）.Results showed that the total PAH concentrations in the flue gas ranged from 45.776 to 414.874μg/m³,with the highest emission level for CC（359.545μg/m³）.The concentration of PAH emitted from the CC process in CP1（stamp charging） was lower than that from CP3 and CP4（top charging）.Low-molecular-weight PAHs（i.e.,two- to three-ring PAHs） were predominant contributors to the total PAH contents,and Nap,AcPy,Flu,PhA,and AnT were found to be the most abundant ones.Total BaP_eq concentrations for CC（2.248μg/m³） were higher than those for PC（1.838μg/m³） and CG（1.082μg/m³）,and DbA was an important contributor to carcinogenic risk as BaP in emissions from coking processes.Particulate PAH accounted for more than 20%of the total BaP_ec| concentrations,which were significantly higher than the corresponding contributions to the total PAH mass concentration（5%）.Both particulate and gaseous PAH should be taken into consideration when the potential toxicity risk of PAH pollution during coking processes is assessed.The mean total-PAH emission factors were 346.132 and 93.173μg/kg for CC and PC,respectively.     

Reducing power losses caused by ionic shortcut currents in reverse electrodialysis stacks by a validated model

Both in electrodialysis and in reverse electrodialysis ionic shortcut currents through feed and drain channels cause a considerable loss in efficiency. Model calculations based on an equivalent electric system of a reverse electrodialysis stack reveal that the effect of these salt bridges could be reduced via a proper stack design. The critical parameters which are to be optimized are ρ/r and R/r, where ρ is the lateral resistance along the spacers, R is the resistance of the feed and drain channels between two adjacent cells, and r is the internal resistance of a cell. Because these two parameters are dimensionless, different stacks can be easily compared. The model is validated with two experimental stacks differing in membrane type and spacer thickness, one with large ionic shortcut currents and one where this effect is less. The loss in efficiency decreased from 25 to 5% for a well-designed stack. The loss of efficiency in reverse electrodialysis and in electrodialysis can be reduced with the aid of the design parameters presented in this paper.     

微型热驱动热声热机热端换热器的优化设计

该文基于热声环境,采用厘米级扁管和deltaE数值计算对微型热声换热器进行了优化设计。     

Tuning Garwick's algorithm for repacking sequential storage

Garwick's algorithm, for repacking LIFO lists stored in a contiguous block of memory, bases the allocation of remaining space upon both sharing and previous stack growth. A system whereby the weight applied to each method can be adjusted according to the current behavior of the stacks is discussed.We also investigate the problem of determining during memory repacking that the memory is used to saturation and the driving program should therefore be aborted. The tuning parameters studied here seem to offer no new grasp on this problem.     

1kW熔融碳酸盐燃料电池组研制

1kW熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 (MCFC)组由有效电极面积为 2 4 0mm× 140mm的 30个单电池组成 .系统采用内部分配方式供给气体 ,通过设在电池组底部和四个侧面的电炉丝进行加热 .在常压和 65 0℃条件下 ,分别以氢气和空气作燃料和氧化剂 ,放电电流密度为 15 0mA/cm2 时 ,平均每电池的输出电压达到 0 .7V .在运行的 30 0h内 ,电池组峰值输出功率达到 1.0 6kW .     

Fast-cycle trace analysis of dioxin in flue gas. Monitoring of the incineration of dioxin-containing waste from seveso

The fast trace analysis method used to monitor 2,3,7,8-TCDD in stack gas during the incineration of the waste from Seveso is described. The sampling of volatile organic compounds from flue gases, distributed between all three aggregation states, is based on a micromethod developed for the trace analysis of water using a specially dimensioned adsorptive charcoal filter (1.5 mg charcoal). In conjunction with subsequent GC/MS measurements the rapid “fast cycle trace analysis” ensured specific 2,3,7,8-TCDD detection down to 100 pg per m³ flue gas in cycle times of about 1–2 hours.     

Advances in rapid and effective break-in/conditioning/recovery of automotive PEMFC stacks

Automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks need to meet manufacturer specified rated beginning-of-life (BOL) performance before being assembled into vehicles and shipped off to customers. The process of “breaking-in” of a freshly assembled stack is often referred to as “conditioning.” It has become an intensely researched area especially in automotive companies, where imminent commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) demands a short, energy- and cost-efficient, and practical conditioning protocol. Significant advances in reducing the conditioning time from 1 to 2 days to as low as 4h or less, in some cases without the use of additional inert gases such as nitrogen, and with minimal use of hydrogen, and specialized test stations will be discussed.     

高能闪光X射线二极管设计与模拟

 为了研制出便携式的具有较高性能的高能闪光X射线系统,需要发展新型紧凑型的高能闪光X射线二极管,要求其体积小,能工作在较高电压下。简要介绍了冷阴极X射线二极管的结构和工作原理;阐述了二极管绝缘结构设计原则,设计了一种新型的紧凑型轴向绝缘结构的X射线二极管;在高压端和地电极之间采用绝缘环和金属均压环交替叠加进行轴向绝缘,有利于减小二次电子发射几率,降低绝缘体表面爬电几率,缩短轴向绝缘距离。二极管工作电压为1 MV,轴向绝缘距离约260 mm,结合ANSYS数值模拟软件进行了静电场数值计算。二极管轴向绝缘区最大工作场强为95 kV/cm,各阳极三相点最大场强为26 kV/cm。计算结果表明：二极管的工作场强低于真空闪络场强;所有三相点的工作场强均满足绝缘要求。     

层叠滤波与它的广义化

本文证明了层叠滤的两个重要性质，即自包含性与压缩性。继而研究了更广一类的窗滤波，并证明了具有自包含性的窗滤波就是层叠滤波。     

演示用Sondhauss管的研制及理论分析

介绍了演示用 Sondhauss管的结构与制作过程 ,它具有直观、简单、成本低等突出优点 ,是一种比较理想的热声效应演示器件。通过初步实验 ,文中对热声管发声机制进行了理论分析 ,有助于更好地理解热声效应 ,并为进一步研究热声机理奠定了基础