Production of high melt strength polypropylene by gamma irradiation

High melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP) has been recently developed and introduced in the market by the major international producers of polypropylene. Therefore, BRASKEM, the leading Brazilian PP producer, together with EMBRARAD, the leading Brazilian gamma irradiator, and the IPEN (Institute of Nuclear Energy and Research) worked to develop a national technology for the production of HMS-PP. One of the effective approaches to improve melt strength and extensibility is to add chain branches onto polypropylene backbone using gamma radiation. Branching and grafting result from the radical combinations during irradiation process. Crosslinking and main chain scission in the polymer structure are also obtained during this process. In this work, gamma irradiation technique was used to induce chemical changes in commercial polypropylene with two different monomers, Tri-allyl-isocyanurate (TAIC) and Tri-methylolpropane-trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), with concentration ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 mmol/100 g of polypropylene. These samples were irradiated with a ⁶⁰Co source at dose of 20 kGy. It used two different methods of HMS-PP processing. The crosslinking of modified polymers was studied by measuring gel content melt flow rate and rheological properties like melt strength and drawability. It was observed that the reaction method and the monomer type have influenced the properties. However, the concentration variation of monomer has no effect.     

稻壳灰改良盐渍土力学特性及抗冻性的研究

在西北季节冻土区广泛分布着盐渍土,其在空间分布上连续性差,工程性质极其不稳定;且浅层盐渍土受冻融作用的反复影响,其力学性质长期处于动态的变化之中,给工程设计与建设带来了极大的挑战.鉴于此,通过压缩试验及无侧限抗压强度试验,研究稻壳灰对盐渍土的改良效果.结果表明,稻壳灰可以显著地改善盐渍土的压缩特性,并提高其无侧限抗压强度,且改良土的压缩系数与抗压强度之间呈现出负相关的线性关系.随着掺灰量和养护龄期的增加,改良土的压缩系数不断减小,无侧限抗压强度呈现出不断增加的趋势,最大可增加4倍左右.以抗压强度损失率为指标对改良土的抗冻性进行了评价,发现改良土的抗冻性随着掺灰量的增加呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势,且在15%的掺灰量时,其抗冻性效果最显著;相对而言,养护龄期对于改良土的抗冻性影响较小.     

HQ70钢疲劳强度统计特性研究

在对HQ70钢疲劳寿命统计特性研究的基础上,利用疲劳寿命分布与疲劳强度分布函数间的转换关系,对HQ70钢疲劳强度分布特性进行研究,并作出疲劳寿命强度概率分布的P-s-N三维空间曲面.确认疲劳强度分布并非通常假设的正态分布,而是偏态分布,其特征函数的概率分布为标准正态分布.     

The relative importance of temperature and isotope effects on the dipole oscillator strength distribution of H2

Summary The calculation of the effects of temperature and isotopic composition on the energy weighted moments of the dipole oscillator strength distribution of H₂ in the random phase approximation to the polarization propagator are reported. It is seen that the effect of isotopic composition is small, while that of temperature is of an order accessible to experiment. We find that all the mean excitation energiesI , for =–1, 0, 1, decrease with temperature as does the dipole oscillator strength momentS() for >0, while the opposite is true for <0. These effects are interpreted in terms of the bond length dependence of the excitation energies.     

应变速率对8090Al-Li合金拉伸性能的影响

用动态拉伸的方法研究了应变速率对 80 90 Al— L i合金拉伸性能的影响 ,应变速率的范围为 10 - 3～ 10 3s- 1。结果表明 ,合金的强度和塑性随应变率的增加而增加。试样的 SEM和 TEM分析发现 :准静态下的断裂为沿晶断裂 ;随着应变率的增加 ,断裂从穿晶准解理断裂过渡到由显微空穴聚集而成的韧窝断裂。高应变率下80 90 Al- L i合金强度和塑性的提高与其变形机制和晶界无沉淀区 (PFZ)的变化有关     

水泥黄土增强措施初探

在分析资料和室内试验的基础上,概括了提高水泥黄土强度有效措施,就水泥黄土硬化和外加剂对水泥黄土的作用机理进行了初步探讨。     

诱导法曲率对圆弧齿线双圆弧齿轮接触强度的影响

根据齿轮啮合原理,分析并比较了圆弧齿轮双圆弧齿轮与普通双圆弧齿轮啮合特性,通过推导这种新型齿轮齿面诱导法曲率,分析了接触强度得以提高的原因。同时用切齿法进行研究后得出,该齿轮还具有较高弯曲强度。     

利用神经网络预测混凝土的抗压强度

应用人工神经中的神经元网络理论,预测混凝土的抗压强度值,探讨出一条预测混凝土抗压强度的理论方法,其结果具有较高的精确度。     

粘胶基碳布电化学氧化表面处理的研究

本文用电化学氧化方法对粘胶基碳布进行表面处理。采用电位滴定法分析测定了氧化处理前后碳纤维表面酸性官能团含量的变化,用水滴铺展方法分析了处理前后碳布润湿性能的变化情况,探讨了酸性官能团含量、织物强力与复合材料层间剪切强度的关系,找出了以Ｈ３ＰＯ４为电解质的最佳电化学氧化表面处理工艺。     

Properties study of anhydrite(II) prepared from waste gypsums

Anhydrites(II)- CaSO₄ were prepared from two waste gypsums (PRECHEZA Perov, FOSFA Potorná). The samples of anhydrites(II) with sulphate activators were tested on spillage, beginning and the end of setting time, bending and pressure strength. Both sodium and potassium sulphates accelerated setting of anhydrite, more impressively that prepared from Potorná gypsum. The addition of Na₂SO₄ influenced the strength of this anhydrite very favourably. On the contrary K₂SO₄ influenced favourably the strength of Perov anhydrite. Results confirm the necessity to evaluate properties of such materials with respect to their origin.