宿南矿区"四含"沉积相与富水性关系研究

以宿南矿区为例,通过对"四含"沉积物沉积前的古地形、沉积物的颗粒大小与磨圆度、物质来源,得出沉积相特征.结合区内"四含"水文地质特征,分析了"四含"富水性与沉积相之间的关系.经数值模拟计算的结果和沉积相与富水性之间的关系的综合分析,将区内"四含"分为强富水区、中等富水区和弱富水区三种类型,为煤矿一阶段水平开采前对于确定煤岩柱类型和留设合理的煤岩柱高度提供了技术支撑.     

Physical aging and deformation kinetics of polycarbonate

Considering the current view that physical aging of glasses results in an increase of activation barriers to plastic deformation, it is surprising that, until now, no influence of physical aging was observed experimentally on the temperature dependence of plastic deformation in polymeric glasses. This study evaluates why such an influence has not been found, and it is shown that detailed analysis of a set of uniaxial compression data on polycarbonate (PC) at different strain rates and temperatures leads to the conclusion that a significant influence indeed exists. As a consequence, the Eyring activation energy depends on the aging history of the material. These experimental observations are rationalized in terms of a simple physical interpretation of the aging phenomenon. The article also contains a discussion of the apparent deaging of amorphous polymers induced by large‐strain plastic deformation. This discussion is of key importance here, because this study compares yield stresses of aged PC with those of mechanically deaged, or rejuvenated, PC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012     

多道次ECAP挤压对纯铜拉伸行为影响的实验研究

为了解不同道次等通道转角挤压(ECAP)对材料拉伸屈服和硬化的作用,以纯铜棒材试样为研究对象,实验研究了经多道次ECAP后材料的单轴拉伸屈服和硬化行为,并进一步探讨了退火对ECAP后材料力学性能的影响,得到以下结论:①挤压道次相同的情况下,经退火/空冷处理后材料硬化更为充分;②一道次挤压对材料的硬化作用远大于后续道次;③在材料挤压后实施了退火的情形,四道次后的挤压对材料不再有明显的硬化作用。这一研究有助于人们更深入地了解ECAP对材料力学行为的影响。     

Design optimization of truss-cored sandwiches with homogenization

Lightweight metallic sandwich plates comprising periodic truss cores and solid facesheets are optimally designed against minimum weights. Constitutive models of the truss core are developed using homogenization techniques which, together with effective single-layer sandwich approaches, form the basis of a two-dimensional (2D) single-layer sandwich model. The 2D model is employed to simulate the mechanical behaviors of truss-cored sandwich panels having a variety of core topologies. The types of loading considered include bending, transverse shear and in-plane compression. The validities of the 2D model predictions are checked against direct FE simulations on three-dimensional (3D) truss core sandwich structures. Optimizations using the 2D sandwich model are subsequently performed to determine the minimum weights of truss-cored sandwiches subjected to various failure constraints: overall and local buckling, yielding and facesheet wrinkling. The performances of the optimized truss core sandwiches with 4-rod unit cell and solid truss members and pyramidal unit cell with hollow truss members are compared with benchmark lightweight structures such as honeycomb-cored sandwiches, tetrahedral core sandwiches and hat-stiffened single layer plates.     

基于五参数统一强度理论的刚构桥地震损伤分析

混凝土五参数统一强度理论在主应力空间偏平面上的边界线为十二边形,可通过调整中间主应力的影响系数消除角点的奇异性,以单位体积材料当前塑性耗能及其断裂能的比值定义损伤变量,根据相关流动准则推导混凝土的弹塑性损伤本构关系。该模型可同时考虑混凝土材料中间主应力的影响、高应力状态下的静水应力效应、拉压异性和随动强化效应等,不考虑循环荷载下的刚度折减。由图形回归法给出应力更新的数值方法,编写了相应的Fortran语言程序,并将其用于大跨度连续刚构桥地震损伤的模拟,计算结果验证了所用模型的预测能力。     

结构增韧材料在裂纹扩展中的韧度增值

本文分析了由裂纹扩展过程中形成的耗能尾区和桥联段所产生的增韧效应。根据对扩展裂纹的能量积分的贡献,结构增韧材料在裂纹扩展中的韧度增值机制可分解为:尾区体膨胀塑性增韧;尾区剪切屈服带增韧;裂纹面夹杂第二相桥联;未贯穿裂纹的基体桥联。本文结合结构高分子材料和短纤维复合材料等材料体系进行了具体的增韧分析计算。     

沉淀对Al-Cu-Mg合金中锯齿形屈服现象影响及其微观实验研究

经固溶处理的Al-Cu-Mg合金在常应变率拉伸实验中具有显著的锯齿形屈服现象,且屈服行为随固溶处理温度的改变而呈现不同的特征。塑性变形特性与合金材料的微细观结构,尤其是位错运动的演化密切相关。本文运用透射电子显微镜,研究在不同温度下固溶处理的Al-Cu-Mg合金的微观结构,尤其是析出颗粒的大小和含量。并结合宏观的拉伸实验结果,分析Al-Cu-Mg合金动态应变时效的机制。     

样条有限条塑性铰法分析板梁的极限荷载

用样条有限条塑性铰法分析了板梁的极限荷载。首先对条单元以样条位移函数表达的总势能进行求导而推导了位移-荷载关系式。然后用塑性铰法推导了单元的塑性刚度矩阵。因此该方法兼具二者优点:样条有限条法的位移量少和塑性铰法形成塑性刚度矩阵的便利。它还可以考虑梁的初始缺陷,如残余应力和初弯曲。通过与相关的试验数据比较,证明该方法有效与可靠。     

Structural recovery (physical ageing) of the friction coefficient of polymers

Most of the mechanical properties of the polymers are subject to structural recovery (physical ageing). The aim of this work was, therefore, to evaluate the sensitivity of the friction coefficient to physical ageing. The apparent friction coefficient is the ratio of the tangential force to the normal load applied to a moving tip in contact with the surface of a material. This coefficient includes a “true friction” at the interface and a “geometrical friction,” which is the lowing and bulk dissipative effect. In the case of solid polymers, the material underneath the moving tip may display various types of behavior: elastic, viscoelastic, elastoplastic (elastic and plastic strains are present in the contact area), or fully plastic. Scratching and sliding experiments were performed on PMMA to determine the true friction coefficient over a wide range of contact deformations. An analysis of the true friction coefficient as a function of the physical ageing (structural recovery) showed that the friction decreases with increasing structural recovery of the polymer in the case of sliding. Whatever the level of physical ageing, at a high contact strain (fully plastic contact), the true friction coefficient tended to a unique and high value independent of the thermal history of the polymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1337–1347, 2008