无籽西瓜高产栽培技术

无籽西瓜是我们当地群众普遍喜欢吃的瓜类作物，且市场价格比一般西瓜价格高。笔者于2000年和2001年两年进行了无籽西瓜的高产、高效栽培技术研究，其每亩产量达4100kg，产值6000元左右，效益十分显著。     

金属力学性能的温升率效应研究概述

总结了快速加热下金属力学性能温升率效应研究的有关工作和结果,包括二战刚结束的几年中美国的研究者采用材料宏观性能测试方法进行的研究和近十余年国内的研究者采用将宏观实验测试与材料微观组织观察相结合的方法进行的研究;指出在温升率效应方面应进一步进行更准确、系统的宏-微观实验和从时-空多尺度角度进行热-力-材料耦合的理论建模和数值模拟,获得更明确的规律性认识并归纳出工程可用的数学描述。     

焊接表面裂纹的工程评定

本文通过宽板拉伸试验,根据全面屈服准则和COD参量直接研完和评定了焊接构件中的表面裂纹。指出依据COD概念不能合理地评定和保证具有表面裂纹构件的安全性,而全面屈服准则是评定构件表面缺陷的有力工具。因为他不但保证构件具有不低于屈服限的强度,而且还具有良好的塑性。本文同时还详细地讨论了低温对表面裂纹极限尺寸的影响,     

Molecular dynamics studies on the dislocation gliding near a tilt boundary

The gliding behavior of edge dislocation near a grain boundary (GB) in copper under pure shear stresses is simulated by using molecular dynamics(MD) method. Many-body potential incorporating the embedded atom method (EAM) is used. The critical shear stresses for a single disocation to pass across GB surface are obtained at values of σ _c =23MPa ∼ 68 MPa and 137MPa∼274 MPa for Ω=165 small angle tilt GB at 300K and 20K, respectively. The first result agrees with the experimental yield stress σ _y (=42MPa) quite well. It suggests that there might be one of the reasons of initial plastic yielding caused by single dislocation gliding across GB. In addition, there might be possibility to obtain yield strength from microscopic analysis. Moreover, the experimental value of σ _y at low temperature is generally higher than that at room temperature. So, these results are in conformity qualitatively with experimental fact. On the other hand, the Ω=25 GB is too strong an obstacle to the dislocation. In this case, a dislocation is able to pass across GB under relatively low stress only when it is driven by other dislocations. This is taken to mean that dislocation pile-up must be built up in front of this kind of GB, if this GB may take effect on the process of plastic deformation. The project supported by KM85-33 of Academia Sinica and the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

滑坡冲击铲刮变量的计算方法研究

高速远程滑坡运动过程中,冲击铲刮效应不仅增加滑坡的体积与规模,而且会增大滑坡成灾范围,风险预测与判断出现明显误差,导致灾难性事件的发生。目前对于高速滑坡的铲刮深度、铲刮范围和铲刮体积等变量计算往往是采用基于经验的铲刮率算法,其是通过体积增量来反算铲刮变量的数学方法,而实际情况中高速滑坡的冲击铲刮是滑体冲击力和地表可铲刮材料之间的力学屈服破坏作用的结果。本文基于接触力学、弹塑性力学和岩土力学,提出了地表可铲刮层在附加冲击荷载作用下铲刮变量的理论计算方法,认为竖向冲击和切向剪切是滑体冲击铲刮过程的两种主要作用方式。结合实际岩土体材料参数,发现不考虑切向荷载时,铲刮层塑性区主要以竖向破裂区为主,考虑切向荷载时,铲刮层塑性区沿切向迁移,直至塑性边界贯通至地表,符合实际情况,实现了对铲刮变量的定量化计算。     

管道大范围屈服断裂评估的研究现状与进展

高强度、高韧性管材的大量应用, 提出管道大范围屈服断裂问题. 针对现有的断裂力学方法应用于管道大范围屈服断裂评估的局限性, 分别从双参数断裂力学、基于约束校正的断裂韧性测试、基于应变的断裂评估和基于应变的失效评估图4个方面详细地介绍了管道大范围屈服断裂评估的研究现状. 指出目前基于约束校正的管道断裂韧性测试的主要方法是SENT试件方法和表观断裂韧性方法, 评述了基于SENT试件约束校正的断裂评估研究现状及存在的问题. 阐述了基于应变断裂评估的基本原理, 并从驱动力方程和CTOD失效准则两方面介绍了基于应变的断裂评估方法的研究工作成果. 最后提出了需要进一步研究的问题.      

EFFECT OF SURFACE ENERGY ON DISLOCATION-INDUCED FIELD IN HALF-SPACE WITH APPLICATION TO THIN FILM-SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS

In this work the elastic field of an edge dislocation in a half-space with the effect of surface energy has been obtained. The elastic field is then used to study the image force on the dislocation, the critical thickness for dislocation generation in epitaxial thin films with strain mismatch and the yielding strength of thin films on substrates. The results show that the image forces on the dislocation deviate from the conventional solutions when the distance of the dislocation from the free surface is smaller than several times of the characteristic length. Also due to the effect of surface energy, the critical thickness for dislocation generation is smaller than that predicted by the conventional elastic solutions and the extent of the deviation depends on the magnitude of mismatch strain. In contrast, the effect of surface energy on the yielding strength for many practical thin films can be neglected except for some soft ones where the characteristic length is comparable to the thickness.     

固态高聚物的屈服和塑性变形行为

固态高聚物屈服和塑性变形的固体力学研究主要包括两个方面:①研究这类材料产生屈服和塑性变形的条件及其具体的行为特征;②从整体上分析其应力应变行为,力求建立起相应的本构关系方程。本文将对这一领域的研究发展状况作一述评,并简要介绍我们最近取得的一些成果。内容包括屈服变形的现象与特征,屈服准则,取向材料的变形行为,热激活塑性变形理论,材料的本构方程,以及我们提出的粘弹塑性理论模型与本构方程。      

高阶奇异项及J积分表达式

从４种典型裂纹情况的特征展开式出发，运用其微分性质和伪正交性质得到了含有高阶奇异项的Ｊ积分表达式．它们是通用的显函数表征的．本研究支持了Ｈｕｉ和Ｒｕｉｎａ的杰出研究和重要观点，即高阶奇异项和非奇异项一样在小范围屈服描述中扮演着重要角色．研究表明，常规柔度方法确定的Ｊ积分已隐含了高阶奇异项的贡献．断裂准则有可能由含高阶奇异项和非奇异项的Ｊ积分的临界值来描述     

MR系列煤用捕收剂的初步研究

制备了３种以煤油为基底的复合捕收剂ＭＲ－１,ＭＲ－２,ＭＲ－３,并与煤油捕收剂进行了对比实验,结果表明,复合捕收剂的较大幅度提高精度产率和可燃体抽出率,并能较大幅度加快浮选速率,其中以ＭＲ－２最佳。