An expeditious synthetic approach towards the synthesis of Bis-Schiff bases (aldazines) using ultrasound

Aldazines (Bis-Schiff bases) 1–24 were synthesized using aromatic aldehydes (heterocyclic and benzaldehydes) and hydrazine hydrate under reflux using conventional heating and/or via ultrasound irradiation using BiCl₃ as catalyst. Ultrasonication conditions with cat. BiCl₃ proved to be an effective, environmentally friendly synthetic procedure. This methodology is robust in the presence of electron donating and electron withdrawing groups affording desired products with high yields (>95%) in just a couple of minutes vs. hours using conventional heating.     

Unstable Fracture Behavior of Rubber Toughened Poly(Styrene-co-Acrylonitrile)

A linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach was used to study fracture characteristics of ABS materials. The effects of crack (ligament) length and rubber content on the microscopic deformations taking place at the front of crack tip and in the bulk of the specimens were investigated. The results of fractography studies showed that, in addition to rubber content, the microscopic deformations are influenced by crack length. For some materials this manifests itself as a change in macroscopic response. The ligament length dependent behavior was increased for the samples with higher rubber contents. The results also showed that, although the elastic behavior with unstable crack growth is the dominant micromechanism of deformation, stable crack propagation still occurred in some compositions. All the fracture parameters, including fracture toughness, fracture energy, plastic zone size, and crack tip opening, increased with rubber content. The changes in microscopic and, as a consequence, in the macroscopic deformation behavior of a given specimen with ligament length were attributed to changes in yield stress of the sample and maximum stress on the ligament.     

紬丝纺加工过程中单纤维机械性能的变化

本文对(纟由)丝纺原料在加工过程中单纤维的机械性能变化进行了探讨,对单纤维断裂强度、断裂伸长率、初始模量、屈服应力和断裂功等一系列机械性能指标及其内在联系进行了测试分析,对今后改进工艺条件和提高(纟由)丝纱线质量提供了有益的参考和依据。     

Tensile yielding and microstructures of blends of isotactic polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene

Thin sheets of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blends were studied by tensile testing, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Eyring's two-process yielding theory was used to analyze the data of yield stress as a function of strain rate and temperature, and satisfactory curve-fitting results were obtained. Furthermore, stress whitening was found to have occurred in the necked regions of tensile specimens under a certain range of yielding conditions. These conditions corresponded to the activation of Process II yielding of Eyring's theory. The whitening was found to be a result of formation of microvoids that initiated at the interface between iPP and LLDPE. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

拐点的定义及拐点与极值点的不重合性

拐点是数学的重要概念之一 ,定义应该准确 .但有的教材并非如此 ,本文指出了教材中对拐点的不充分定义 ,并证明了拐点与极值点的不重合性     

杉木种子园无性系结实稳定性的遗传变异

在安徽西田林场杉木种子园对从福建洋口林场引进的25个无性系,每系固定6株样株,分系分株连续进行6a的结实量观测与分析。结果表明,杉木无性系结实相对产量在年度、重复间稳定性较强,但结实量的年度方差分量较大,占总方差的36．72％,而无性系仅占10．12％,表明种子产量稳定性受气候、生物、环境、人为措施及无性系基因型等多种因素综合影响。同年度中,影响产量的主要因素则是无性系的基因型。以结实量的变异系数(cv)或生态价系数两种方法评价无性系结实稳定性的结果基本一致,但应以多年的结实量与cv或生态价系数综合判断,对无性系再选择均有较高的可靠性和实用性。按该法可把25个杉木无性系划分为高产稳定、中产稳定、低产稳定等9种结实类型。     

李树丰产栽培管理技术

文章介绍了李园土、肥、水、整形修剪、主要病虫害防治等综合丰产管理措施，该措施可显著提高李园产量和延长经济寿命。     

塑性材料“初生”“再生”屈服和强化中的相持新看法

通过国内外热轧钢筋机械性能检测现象及其数据分析,对塑性材料的典型代表——钢的轴向静力拉伸试验σ-ε关系图提出“初生”屈服和“再生”屈服以及强化中相持阶段的新看法,并分析了产生的原因和特点。同时,对颈缩阶段中有关力学现象进行了简要的描述。本文对于塑性材料从“流变到破坏这一过程的变化机理、内部组织结构及其本构关系、形变能的变化规律、内能耗散与位错理论以及提高材料抗力等方面的研究具有重大的理论参考价值与实际意义。     

[iPr2P]2P?SiMe3 und [iPr2P]2PLi – Synthese und Reaktionen Struktur des [iPr2P]2P?P[PiPr2]2

[iPr₂P]₂P? SiMe₃ and [iPr₂P]₂PLi – Synthesis and Reactions Structure of [iPr₂P]₂P? P[PiPr₂]₂ [iPr₂P]₂P? SiMe₃ 1 and [iPr₂P]₂PLi 2 were prepared to investigate the influence of the bulky alkyl groups on formation and properties of the ylides R₂P? P?P(X)R₂ (R = iPr, tBu; X = Br, Me) in reactions of 1 with CBr₄ and of 2 with 1,2-dibromoethane or MeCl, resp. Compared to the iPr groups the tBu groups favour the formation of ylides. With CBr₄ 1 forms iPr₂P? P?P(Br)iPr₂ 5 just as a minor product which decomposes already below ?30°C. With 1,2-dibromoethane 2 yields only traces of 5 but [iPr₂P]P? P[P(iPr)₂]₂ 7 as main product. With MeCl 2 gives iPrP? P?P(Me)iPr₂ 9 and [iPr₂P]₂PMe 10 in a molar ratio of 1:1. 9 is considerably more stable than 5. 7 crystallizes triclinic in the space group P1 (No. 2) with a = 10.813 Å, b = 11.967 Å, c = 15.362 Å, α = 67.90°, β = 71.36°, γ = 64.11° and two formula units in the unit cell.