Craze-initiation kinetics in polystyrene

In this study it is shown, for a commercial polystyrene grade, that the strain-rate dependence of craze initiation is equivalent to that of yielding. This implies that the kinetics of craze initiation are determined by the nonlinear flow behavior, and that the actual cavitation process is governed by an additional, apparently rate-independent, criterion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2066–2073, 2004     

A non-destructive experimental investigation of elastic plastic interfaces of autofrettaged thick-walled cylindrical aluminium high pressure vessels

Positions of elastic plastic interfaces play a vital role in safe design and safe use of high pressure vessels. The ENGIN-X neutron diffractometer at the ISIS facility was used to measure the residual strain profiles in a series of aluminium vessels which had been subjected to different pressure levels. The positions of elastic plastic interfaces of the autofrettaged pressure vessels were identified. The results revealed that the residual strain magnitude and the depth of the plastic region will increase with increasing autofrettage pressure level. When autofrettage pressure produces an elastic-plastic boundary at a greater depth than the geometric mean position of the vessel wall, reverse yielding will occur, hence the loss of the vessels’ elastic ability to its subsequent loading. The neutron experimental results agreed well with both the suggestions from existing literatures and the results from FE simulations.     

Investigation on Tensile Deformation Behavior of Semi-Crystalline Polymers

The strain rate, temperature, and microstructure-dependent, tensile-yielding behavior of three semi-crystalline polymers, namely high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyamide 6 (PA6) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), was investigated. It is found that, depending on the strain rate and temperature, the three polymers exhibit markedly different tensile deformation behavior, especially the shape of the stress-strain curves. LDPE exhibits a uniform extension and shows no obvious geometrically unstable effect, such as necking, during the overall tensile process. HDPE and PA6, on the other hand, show clear necking and cold-drawing phenomena during the uniaxial tensile process. When considering the effect of strain temperature on necking, significant differences between HDPE and PA6 emerge. For both, the heterogeneous necking disappears and homogeneous deformation occurs with increasing temperature. For HDPE, the homogeneous deformation takes place in the vicinity of the melting temperature, while for PA6, it takes place close to the glass transition temperature instead. The conventional yield point, corresponding to the force maximum in stress-strain curves, becomes less defined as the testing temperature is increased. It is applicable, to some extent, to combine the Brereton analysis and Considère construction to predict such a point quantitatively. However, this combination can only be suitable for homogeneously deformed material. In addition, it is found that the special, double yielding behavior will take place under certain deformation conditions for all three semi-crystalline polymers. With respect to judging the appearance of the double yielding of polymers, it seems that it can be estimated qualitatively by plotting the compression residual strain-applied strain curves of the samples.     

Size effects due to secondary voids during ductile crack propagation

In the present study the size-effect due to a secondary void population during ductile fracture is investigated. Discrete primary voids are resolved in the process zone at the crack tip. A non-local GTN model is employed to describe the evolution of the secondary voids in the intervoid ligaments. The non-local GTN model contains an intrinsic length scale related to the size of the secondary voids. Hence, the ratio of the size of the primary and that of the secondary voids can be varied. The results show that small secondary voids can toughen the material. Such a behavior is in contrast to the prediction of cell model simulations. A theoretical reasoning of this effect and conclusions are given.     

圣维南原理的应用及屈服面形状大小的确定

在第1 部分,讨论弹性力学的圣维南原理在线弹性断裂力学中的应用,举例说明它的误用会引起很大的误差. 在第2 部分,讨论塑性力学中的Tresca 屈服面和Mises 屈服面的形状和大小,并推广到对Mohr-Coulomb 屈服面和Drucker-Prager 屈服面的描述,给出主应力空间中Mises 屈服面和Tresca 屈服面的形状和大小的三维图象,并以此更正和补充现有的弹塑性力学教材.     

Analytical solution for the general mechanochemical corrosion of an ideal elastic–plastic thick-walled tube under pressure

The paper presents analytical solutions for the equal-rate mechanochemical wear of an ideal elastic–plastic thick-walled cylindrical tube subjected to any combination of internal and external pressure. The rates of corrosion at the inner and outer surfaces are supposed to be proportional to the equivalent tensile stress at the surface involved when it exceeds a given threshold. Furthermore, the corrosion rate can decay exponentially with time. The obtained solutions allow to assess the time of the initial yielding at the bore of the tube and the time of fully plastic yielding. Calculations showed that the time of plastic-zone propagation throughout the tube wall can be much greater than the length of the pure elastic stage. The proposed analytical solutions are to be used for design purposes and as benchmark solutions for numerical analysis.     

新型让压锚杆作用机理研究

软岩大变形工程存在因开挖卸荷导致较大的应力释放,在工程施工过程中将会产生较大变形的特点,如沿用传统的锚杆进行支护,岩体的大变形所产生的过大拉力将会造成锚杆的拉断破坏.针对软岩大变形工程存在的该类问题,介绍了一种新型的端部具有让压装置的新型压力分散型让压锚杆,并对该让压锚杆的作用机理和力学行为进行分析,得出锚固体的作用机理与传统压力分散型锚杆相比分为3个阶段,并通过试验的方式确定了该让压锚杆的让压力.这种新型让压锚杆在将锚固体压力分散的同时,实现大变形的让压,适宜在大变形工程中进行应用.     

确定材料屈服极限的一种新方法

基于厚壁圆筒的弹性失效准则所确定的圆筒的初始屈服压力与材料的屈服极限的关系,设计了一种测定材料屈服极限的实验方法,并测得了一组实验数据.通过对该实验数据的分析得到了圆筒的初始屈服压力,最终求得了材料的屈服极限.由于该实验值与理论值误差较小,表明了该实验方法具有较好的可靠性.该方法对研究材料的机械性能及压力容器的失效规律具有一定的工程实际意义和理论价值.     

三步矩阵对策上的无中生有计及其实例

基于一个历史实例及假定:①三步矩阵对策中赢得矩阵都不变,②每步都是局中人1先行动,③对于每步对策,局中人2观测不到对手究竟使用了何策略;但局中人1可以观测到对手所用的策略,建立了三步矩阵对策上的无中生有计(《三十六计》中的第七计)的对策模型.研究了当局中人2中计,半识破和完全识破对手的无中生有计时的赢得和所用的策略的情况.并用上述实例对模型作了说明.