Enhanced patch test of finite element methods

Theoretically, the constant stress patch test is not rigorous. Also, either the patch test of non-zero constant shear for Mindlin plate problem or non-zero strain gradient curvature of the microstructures cannot be performed. To improve the theory of the patch test, in this paper, based on the variational principle with relaxed continuity requirement of nonconforming element for homogeneous differential equations, the author proposed the individual element condition for passing the patch test and the convergence condition of the element: besides passing the patch test, the element function should include the rigid body modes and constant strain modes and satisfy the weak continuity condition, and no extra zero energy modes occur. Moreover, the author further established a variational principle with relaxed continuity requirement of nonconforming element for inhomogeneous differential equations, the enhanced patch test condition and the individual element condition. To assure the convergence of the element that should pass the enhanced patch test, the element function should include the rigid body modes and non-zero strain modes which satisfied the equilibrium equations, and no spurious zero energy modes occur and should satisfy new weak continuity condition. The theory of the enhanced patch test proposed in this paper can be applied to both homogeneous and inhomogeneous differential equations. Based on this theory, the patch test of the non-zero constant shear stress for Mindlin plate and the C^0–1 patch test of the non-zero constant curvature for the couple stress/strain gradient theory were established.     

Matrix Effect of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Halides on Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Indium in Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Flame Spectrometry

As interfered with by alkali and alkaline earth metal halides added as the matrix in an acetylene/air flame, the fluorescence quantum yield of In as the analyte in a laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) flame spectrometry has been thoroughly characterized. The fluorescence quantum yield is determined by a ratio of F to A, where F is the measured fluorescence of In and A is the difference between the absorption signals recorded for the analyte and the blank solutions. The normalized fluorescence signal is treated to prevent deviations due to variations of the atomization efficiency under the conditions with and without the matrix added. The fluorescence quantum yield is measured to be almost independent of the matrix concentration up to 500 ppm (μg/mL) studied, under conditions of either optical unsaturation or saturation. By considering a quenching effect induced by electron‐atom collisions, the calculated fluorescence quantum yields are consistent with our observations.     

HL-2M 装置烘烤系统管路应力的仿真分析与优化

根据 HL-2M 装置烘烤系统管路设计,建立烘烤系统的管道应力计算模型。对烘烤系统管路作初始 支架设计,并采用系统内的最高温度分布,对烘烤系统进行热应力计算,分析管道应力及设备管口载荷。以热应 力计算结果为依据,对管路布置进行优化,并改善支架的设计,对烘烤系统进行应力校核计算,完成烘烤系统可 靠性验证计算,完成了管口位移量计算。     

粗大柱状晶纯镍热变形流变应力行为及加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟机,在变形温度为950~1 150℃、应变速率为0.001~10s-1的条件下,研究了粗大柱状晶粒纯镍的热变形行为和加工图.结果表明:热压缩过程中流变应力随应变速率增大而增大,随变形温度降低而增大.流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系用Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,热变形激活能为312.4kJ/mol.基于动态材料模型(DMM)热加工图及结合合金相显微组织分析,得到纯镍较优的热加工参数:变形温度为1 060~1 120℃,应变速率为0.03~0.20s-1的蛋形区域.     

COREX竖炉物料运动流型及瞬态特性的离散元模拟

基于离散单元数值计算方法,建立COREX竖炉内物料颗粒尺度运动行为的数学模型,研究炉内物料运动流型及其瞬态特性,特别是颗粒的瞬态速度和瞬态应力分布.模拟结果表明:COREX竖炉内存在三种类型的流动区域:活塞流区、准停滞区以及沟流区.炉内颗粒的瞬态速度分布表明炉内存在两种类型的速度波:装料过程引发的向下传播的速度波和底部排料引发的向上传播的速度波.COREX竖炉内颗粒法向应力随时间的变化较小,竖炉底部导流锥顶部存在较强的应力区,而无导流锥竖炉底部中心存在较强应力区,沟流区的应力较弱.     

盘式制动器旋转结合面的热-结构耦合特性

为探索盘式制动器制动盘与制动片之间的摩擦生热规律及其热流分配规律,应用有限元软件对汽车紧急制动过程进行模拟,研究了制动器在制动过程中温度场、应力场的分布规律及其变化特征.研究结果表明:在制动过程中,系统的应力场和温度场分布都不均匀,二者沿径向和轴向都有较大的梯度,而沿周向的梯度相对较小;由于热应力和机械应力的作用,制动盘会发生热变形,从而使接触状态改变,并导致压力分布的变化,而接触压力的变化反过来又影响摩擦热流的输入;制动盘的变形既是温度场和应力场耦合作用的结果,也是振动摩擦耦合作用的结果.     

激光超声表面波检测薄板残余应力的数值模拟

应用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟了脉冲激光激发的超声表面波在半无限大弹性薄板内的传播.首先把激光激励等效为作用在薄板表面的高斯分布的脉冲载荷,模拟输入的超声信号,在边界处采用无限单元来消除边界反射波对接收信号的干扰,接收到的表面波信号具有典型的表面波特点.其次,通过修正弹性模量的方法得到薄板在单向应力状态下的应力场,采用时差法得到表面波在应力区的传播速度,所得的数值结果和理论解与实验结果拟合良好,为激光超声检测残余应力提供了一种有效的数值方法.     

NaCl胁迫下不同抗性野生大豆体内Na~+,K~+,Cl~-浓度比较分析

选取盐敏感型辉南野生大豆和耐盐型通榆野生大豆植物为材料,在5片复叶时期进行了10d的NaCl胁迫处理,测定了根、茎、叶中Na+,K+,Cl-的浓度,以探讨NaCl胁迫下野生大豆体内离子平衡的特点.结果表明:盐敏感型和耐盐型野生大豆植物在NaCl胁迫下,体内Na+和Cl-含量随胁迫浓度增加呈上升趋势,K+含量呈下降趋势.高盐胁迫下,除根部的K+外,其余各部位的Na+,K+,Cl-含量均表现为耐盐型野生大豆低于盐敏感型野生大豆.实验结果证明,通榆野生大豆具有颉颃盐逆境的生理特征和较好的适应性.