Structural characterization of the hollandite host lattice for the confinement of radioactive cesium: Quantification of the amorphous phase taking into account the incommensurate modulated character of the crystallized part

X-ray patterns of the Ba₁Cs_0.28Fe_0.82Al_1.46Ti_5.72O₁₆ compound evidence two wide peaks at low angle in addition to the well defined peaks of the I4/m hollandite structure type. Two hypotheses have been explored to account for these features: the coexistence of the hollandite phase with an amorphous phase and the appearance of a commensurate or incommensurate modulated structure associated with a cationic ordering, as proposed in the literature. Actually, even if the amorphous phase quantification by the Rietveld method reveals about 15 wt% of non-crystalline phase in some of the powdered sample, the origin of the two wide peaks was found to stem from the incommensurate modulated character of the hollandite structure type (super space group I4/m(0 0 γ)0 0) with a distribution of the modulation wavevectors presumably related to slight chemical composition changes.     

废热锅炉壳体局部变形的安全评定

某化肥厂废热锅炉在运行过程中发现壳体局部发“红”和鼓胀，采取应急措施淋水降温，并按国家标准ＧＢ１５０－８９及ＪＢ４７３２－９５进行壳体局部变形后的安全评定，评定结果表明，该设备可继续运行，保证了全厂年生产任务的完成，并使用至次年年中厂大修时才停车检修，取得了可观的经济效益。     

废轮胎流化床热解形变过程研究

利用压汞仪和扫描电镜（SEM）对废轮胎在鼓泡流化床热解反应器中热解的形变学进行了研究。结果表明：400℃时热解半焦有局部的熔融现象；随温度的升高由于热解半焦的刚性变弱使孔总表面积和孔隙度降低；在不同温度下热解半焦的孔径分布相似，主要集中在20nm-200nm和1μm-10μm，随热解温度的升高20nm-200nm的中孔所占比例提高；热解温度的升高导致废轮胎热解半焦的弯曲度变大、孔结构变的更加复杂。     

精炼糖废蜜连续发酵生产酵母的研究

研究了以精炼糖废蜜为原料，采用连续多级发酵制作酵母的工艺过程，确定出适用进糖浓度与最佳稀释率等工艺参数     

The comparison of the bayer process wastes on the base of chemical and physical properties

In this work, the waste materials from the Aughinish (in Ireland) and the Seydisehir (formerly ETI Aluminium Inc. in Turkey) alumina plants were compared on the base of chemical and the physical properties using thermal analysis, XRD and SEM techniques. The results were shown that there are big differences in the chemical compositions of the red mud waste as well as the physical properties. It was found that the Seydisehir red mud is more feasible for recovery of iron, but the Aughinish sample contains more titanium oxide than the Seydisehir one. There are also some variations in the Bayer process of the plants since the calcium and sodium oxides of the waste were different percentages.     

高酸值潲水油制取生物柴油的研究

将回收的高酸值潲水油经酸催化处理,可使其酸价降低到2mgKOH/g,再用碱催化酯交换制取生物柴油,所得到的生物柴油与石化柴油的技术指标相当。     

由铜一铬废催化剂制备K_2Cr_2O_7和CuSO_4·5H_2O

对铜一铬废催化剂可以进行回收利用。研究结果表明,废催化剂高温碱熔的最佳条件是：碱加入量为理论值的１１倍,５３０℃下碱熔氧化１ｈ。可利用ＣａＣｌ２脱除碱熔后浸取液中的硅化合物,当ＣａＣ１２的用量为理论值的１３５倍时,硅的脱除率达９７％。将脱硅后的浸取液酸化,与ＫＣＩ进行复分解反应后可制得Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７;用酸溶解碱熔后留下的固体残渣,溶液蒸发、结晶后可得到ＣｕＳＯ４·５Ｈ２Ｏ。     

三步法处理钻井废水的实验研究

根据钻井废水的污染特征和目前处理中存在的问题,提出了“酸化中和—混凝—活性炭吸附”三步处理的方法,并对其可行性进行了实验研究。结果表明,酸化中和阶段,可将废水中的悬浮物去除80%以上,CODCr去除50%;混凝后CODCr去除率达到75%;最后,采用活性炭吸附进行深度处理,可使CODCr值下降为200 mg/L以下,达到排放标准。     

垃圾处理的能值分析

采用能值分析方法,对处理垃圾的几种常见方式进行了分析,并对其系统的能值投资率(EIR)和能值产出率(EYR)进行了计算．结果表明,填埋及沼气发电、焚烧发电的EYR稍大于1,堆肥系统的EYR小于1．填埋及沼气发电、焚烧发电虽然显示出一定的应用前景,但它们的EYR还偏小,这说明目前我国垃圾处理系统的运行还离不开政府的支持与新技术的应用．堆肥系统的EYR较小,但由于它的EIR也较低,可以以较低的社会能值投入达到垃圾处理的目的,因此目前暂时也有它存在的价值．     

含HPAM油田水中硅测定方法的改进

三元复合驱油田采出水中含有高浓度的聚丙烯酰胺,采用硅钼黄分光光度法测定其中的硅含量时,对测定产生影响。本文研究了氯化铝、丙酮及无水乙醇等药剂对含有聚丙烯酰胺的硅溶液的作用效果,并与单一硅溶液的吸光度进行比较。结果表明：氯化铝,25℃,pH=1.5;无水乙醇,25℃,pH=2;丙酮,75℃,pH=2.2,即酸性条件下对含聚丙烯酰胺的硅溶液处理效果较好,处理后的溶液吸光度比含有聚丙烯酰胺硅溶液的吸光度降低很多,与单一硅溶液吸光度比值接近1。应用于油田采出水,有一定的效果。