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101.
YingChunLIU GuoZhenXIAO QiWANG 《中国化学快报》2004,15(7):879-882
The diffusivity and viscosity of water confined in micropores were studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of pore width and density were analyzed at pore widths from 0.9 to 2.6nm. The diffusivity in micropores is lower than that of the bulk, and it decreases as pore width decreases and as density increases. But the viscosity in micropores is much larger than that of the bulk, and it increases as pore width decreases and as density increases. The diffusivity in channel parallel direction is obviously larger than that in channel perpendicular directions. 相似文献
102.
W Schoner 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1971,10(12):882-889
The transport of Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell against a concentration gradient is catalyzed by a (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase. The way in which the cations pass through the cell membrane has not yet been elucidated. Studies on the ATP hydrolysis revealed a Na+-dependent phosphorylation of the enzyme protein; the conformation of the enzyme also appears to change. The energy required for transport of the cations against their concentration gradients is probably provided by K+-dependent hydrolysis of the enzyme-bound phosphate. The enzyme can synthesize ATP from inorganic phosphate and ADP on reversal of the cation concentration gradient. By keeping the enzyme in a particular conformation, the cardiac glycoside ouabain specifically inhibits the Na+ pump. 相似文献
103.
M. Yu. Gorshkov A. D. Neuimin N. M. Bogdanovich Yu. V. Danilov L. A. Dunyushkina 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2007,43(6):721-728
Oxygen-ion conduction in apatite-like compounds based on silicates and germanates of lanthanum La x A6O12 + 1.5x (A = Si, Ge; x = 9.11–10.22) is studied. The compounds are shown to be purely ionic conductors at 600–900°C and partial oxygen pressures 10?16 to 105 Pa. The electroconductivity of the best conducting specimens of La x A6O12 + 1.5x (A = Si, Ge; x = 9.77–10) exceeds that of electrolyte YSZ at moderate temperatures. The electroconductivity of lanthanum germanate is substantially greater than that of lanthanum silicate, specifically, 7.85 × 10?2 and 2.35 × 10?2 S cm?1, respectively, at 800°C. An inflection is discovered at ~750°C in the temperature dependences of electroconductivity of La x Ge6O12 + 1.5x (x = 9.77–10.22). A dilatometric examination points to a second-kind phase transition that may be due to the oxygen sublattice disordering. The behavior of apatite-like electrolytes La x A6O12 + 1.5x (A = Si, Ge) during long exploitation periods in the interval of working temperatures of electrochemical devices is studied for the first time ever. The electrolytes’ aging at 800°C in air for 1000 h was investigated by the electroconductivity method. The electroconductivity of lanthanum germanates decayed with time by 5% and that of lanthanum silicates, by 9.5%. The steady-state values of electroconductivity of all compounds studied is reached after 600–700 h. The compounds studied form a class of materials that hold some promise as solid electrolytes for medium-temperature fuel cells and other electrochemical devices. 相似文献
104.
GHOLAM HOSSEIN ROUNAGHI RAZYEH SANAVI KHOSHNOOD 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2006,55(3-4):309-314
A series of competitive metal ion transport experiments have been performed. Each involved transport from an aqueous source phase across an organic membrane phase into an aqueous receiving phase. The source phase contained equimolar concentrations of cobalt(II), nickel(II), cupper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), silver(I) and lead(II) metal cations. The membrane phase incorporated ionophore, decyl-18-crown-6. The membrane solvents include: chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, nitrobenzene and chloroform–nitrobenzene binary solvents. A good transport efficiency and selectivity of Pb2+ transport from aqueous solutions are observed in this investigation. The selectivity order for competitive bulk liquid membrane transport of the studied transition and post transition metal cations through chloroform is: Pb2+>Co2+>Ni2+>Ag+>Cd2+, but in the case of dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and nitrobenzene as liquid membranes, the selectivity sequences were found to be: Pb2+>Co2+>Cd2+>Cu2+>Ag+>Ni2+>Zn2+, Pb2+>Co2+>Ag+>Ni2+>Zn2+ and Pb2+>Co2+>Ni2+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Ag+, respectively. The transport rate of the metal cations in chloroform–nitrobenzene binary solvents is sensitive to the solvent composition. The transport processes were studied in absence and presence of the stearic acid and the results show that the sequence of selectivities and ion transport rates change in the presence of stearic acid. 相似文献
105.
公路客运量预测方法的比较 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
科学准确地预测公路客运量,超前掌握公路客运量发展的趋势、特点、规律和数量,是制定公路客运发展和站场配置规划的基础。运用灰色模型、指数平滑模型、回归分析法、弹性系数法等多种预测模型对某城市2003~2015年公路客运量进行了分析预测,通过残差分析和绝对百分误差(MAPE)进行择优,提高了预测精确度。最后采用组合预测确定终值并进行了分析比较。结果表明,组合预测综合考虑了各种因素的影响,能够提高公路客运量预测精度,为公路客运发展提供科学决策依据。 相似文献
106.
This article reviews the recent development of organic electron transport materials applied in the fields of organic photoconductors, light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors and solar cells. Several technologies for charge carrier mobility measurement are summarized and compared, and a series of basic principles for designing high-performance organic electron transport materials are suggested as well. 相似文献
107.
污染物离子在粘土介质中扩散系数的测定 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了利用一种自制的特殊容器 ,测定污染物离子在粘土介质中运移的扩散系数的方法 .通过Fick扩散第二定律推导的扩散系数计算公式 ,求出了阴离子 (Cl-)和阳离子 (K ,Ca2 ,Zn2 ,Cu2 )的扩散系数 .试验结果发现 :阴离子在土壤中的扩散速度比阳离子大 ;二价阳离子的直径和电导率与扩散系数之间有明显的关系 .试验结果还表明 ,在土中加入少量的水泥 ,可大大减小污染物离子的扩散速度 相似文献
108.
开发了应用输运理论方法的两套程序系统:蒙特卡罗-燃耗程序系统和输运-燃耗程序系统。针对蒙特卡罗程序不能计算燃料的同位素成分变化,提出将它和燃耗计算程序耦合以完成燃耗计算。燃耗程序所使用的单群截面由蒙特卡罗程序计算。将用于常规反应堆的计算方法和策略推广到输运-燃耗程序系统,这使得计算步序大大简化,并改进了精度。对加速器驱动次临界系统的基准题进行了校核计算,其结果和其他国家的计算结果符合良好,这表明所提出的计算方法与程序系统是成功的。 相似文献
109.
屏幕压缩传输演示系统中的关键技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要介绍了一种基于局域网内多媒体压缩传输技术的教学演示系统应用方案设计,并针对其中的几个关键技术提出了解决方案。 相似文献
110.
以中国南方平原圩区为研究对象,分析圩区堤防采用垂直封闭截渗技术后对圩内水环境的影响,并建立封闭圩区水环境规划及地下水溶质运移数学模型,通过求解,得出圩区的最优水面率和滞蓄水深、最优外排装机容量和内排装机容量以及大堤的最优封闭率,同时预测了区域内地下水位及地下水污染动态变化情况。 相似文献