Purification and dual-column HPLC determination of carboxylic acids in tissues,phloem and xylem saps of soybean plants

Summary A method for the determination of carboxylic acids in phloem sap, xylem sap and tissue extracts of soybean plants is reported. An easy and rapid procedure for the purification of the samples has been developed. Carboxylic acids were determined by isocratic HPLC. The separation of the first-eluting carboxylic acids and the unretained solutes have been improved by connecting an ion-exclusion column to the reversed-phase column. This chromatographic method also improved the separation of some carboxylic acids. The optimized method was applied to the determination of the carboxylic acids transported in xylem and phloem saps of soybean plants, or accumulated in their root tissues.     

苹果和山梨导管的解剖学研究

采用离析法和光学显微技术,对苹果和山梨木质部导管细胞的类型、所占比例及导管细胞的长度和口径,纤维细胞的长度和口径进行了比较解剖研究.结果表明:两种材料导管类型相同,但所占比例不同;山梨木质部导管要比苹果木质部导管长且宽;山梨的纤维细胞长度和口径比苹果的纤维细胞长度和口径大,且长度上差异明显.     

Application of capillary electrophoretic methods for the analysis of plant phloem and xylem saps composition: A review

Plant vascular tissue is essential for the exchange of water, nutrients, metabolic products, and signals among distant organs in cormophytes. The compositions of phloem and xylem saps are highly dependent on many internal and external factors, and thus their analysis provides a valuable insight into plant physiology, growth, and development as well as nutrition status or presence of biotic or abiotic stresses. Capillary electrophoresis characterized by highly efficient separations and minuscule sample requirements represents a suitable analytical technique for this purpose because the sap constitutes a complex mixture with generally minimal availability. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of published capillary electrophoretic methods for the analysis of primary components present in the phloem and xylem saps of higher plants.     

Profiling of widely targeted metabolomics for the identification of chemical composition in epidermis,xylem and pith of Gleditsiae Spina

Gleditsiae Spina, the thorn of Gleditsia sinensis Lam., has a long history of being used as a traditional medicine in East Asian countries. However, only a few biologically active substances have been identified from it. In this study, the epidermis, xylem and pith of Gleditsiae Spina, respectively Gs-E, Gs-X and Gs-P, were studied. We used a widely targeted metabolomics method to investigate the chemical composition of Gs-E, Gs-X and Gs-P. A total of 728 putative metabolites were identified from Gleditsiae Spina, including 211 primary metabolites and 517 secondary metabolites. These primary and secondary metabolites could be categorized into more than 10 different classes. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, lipids, amino acids and derivatives, and organic acids constituted the main metabolite groups. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the Gs-E, Gs-X and Gs-P samples could be clearly separated. Differential accumulated metabolite (DAM) analysis revealed that more than half of the DAMs exhibited the highest relative concentrations in Gs-E, and most of the DAMs showed the lowest relative concentrations in Gs-X. Moreover, 11 common differential primary metabolites and 79 common differential secondary metabolites were detected in all comparison groups. These results further our understanding of chemical composition and metabolite accumulation of Gleditsiae Spina.     

维管植物抗盐生理的某些问题

本文论述了有关维管植物抗盐生理的几个问题,主要从以下三方面进行了讨论:(1)维管植物体内的离子浓度和细胞区域化;(2)盐度对维管植物生长的抑制;(3)维管植物的抗盐机理。     

中国金缕梅科12属植物次生木质部的比较解剖

本文采用常规的木材解剖学方法，对我国金缕梅科(Hamamelidacea)5个亚科12属14种植物，进行了木材比较解剖学研究。结果表明，本科中最原始的是金缕梅亚科(Hamamelidaceae)的榴木属；最进化的是同亚科的蚊母树属和水丝梨属。这说明金缕梅亚科内部各属之间的进化程度并不一致。其它4个亚科中的7个属，进化程度处于榴木属和蚊母树属、水丝梨属之间。壳菜果和枫香树这两个亚科内，各自的属间进化程度较为一致。马蹄荷亚科与红花荷亚科均各只有一个属，它们的进化程度相对于金缕梅亚科的3个属来说，较为居中，且彼此也很相近。总的来说，除了金缕梅亚科内部各属进化程度差异较大以外，剩下的4个亚科进化程度都较为接近。在同一亚科内，属间木材结构有一定的差异，但程度有所不同。     

构树去木质部后TIBA对组织再生的影响及其间过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化

构树(Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.)去木质部后,IAA的运输抑制剂TIBA(三碘苯甲酸)可抑制IAA对维管形成层和木栓形成层的再生与活动,以及木质部和韧皮部分化等的促进作用。过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化与组织的分化过程密切相关。     

初生根的形态解剖结构与春小麦抗旱性的关系初探

生长在半干旱条件下的春小麦,如果其初生根数目较少或者种子根后生木质部的中央大导管的直径较小,就可以提高作物对有限水分吸收的抵抗力,从而提高作物群体的抗旱能力。这是其形态解剖结结构对水分胁迫的一种适应。     

Simulations of Water Flow Through Bordered Pits of Conifer Xylem

Bordered pits between tracheids play an important role in the water conductivity of conifer xylem. There have been many attempts to model xylem as a water conducting medium, and to estimate its permeability. As the microscopic structure of xylem is highly complex, it is however very difficult to numerically solve the flow equations. New methods have recently been developed by which the flow is simulated rather than found by solving appropriate equations. In this work the lattice-Boltzmann method was used to simulate the flow in bordered pits of conifer xylem, and their permeability was thereby determined. To this end the permeability of two-dimensional screens was also analyzed.