Biopolymer mimicry with polymeric wormlike micelles: Molecular weight scaled flexibility,locked-in curvature,and coexisting microphases

Giant and stable wormlike micelles formed in water from a series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based diblock copolymer amphiphiles mimicked the flexibility of various cytoskeletal filaments. The worm diameter (d) was found by cryo-transmission electron microscopy to scale with the length of the hydrophobic chain (N_h) of the copolymer as d ∼ N_h^0.61. By fluorescence video imaging of worm dynamics, we also showed that the persistence length (l_P) of wormlike micelles scaled as l_P ∼ d^2.8, consistent with a fluid aggregate (∼d³) rather than a solid rod (∼d⁴). By polymerizing the unsaturated bonds of assembled copolymers, fluid worms were converted to solid-core worms, extending the bending rigidity from that of intermediate filament biopolymers to actin filaments and, in principle, microtubules. Through partial crosslinking, polymerized worms further locked in spontaneous curvature at a novel fluid-to-solid percolation point. The dynamics of distinct, branched conformations were also imaged for recently discovered Y-junctioned wormlike micelles composed of diblocks of high molecular weight (>10–15 kg/mol). Finally, block copolymers of hydrophilic weight fraction close to the transition between a vesicle- and worm-former assembled into both structures, allowing encapsulation of wormlike micelles in giant vesicles reminiscent of cytoskeletal filaments enclosed within cells. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 168–176, 2004     

硬度对钢蜗轮副用材料磨损行为的影响(英文)

为了探讨硬度对钢蜗轮副材料磨损行为的影响,为研究钢蜗轮副合理的硬度配对提供试验依据。通过不同的热处理工艺,使12Cr2Ni4低碳合金钢获得了5种不同硬度的试样,然后在无润滑,室温条件下,在SRVⅣ微动磨损试验机上考察了硬度对12Cr2Ni4钢-18Cr2Ni4WA钢摩擦副磨损行为的影响。结果表明：试验条件下,随着12Cr2Ni4钢硬度的增加,12Cr2Ni4钢的磨损体积减小,其偶件18Cr2Ni4WA钢的磨损体积增大,当12Cr2Ni4钢硬度位于HRC39-HRCAl之间时,摩擦副双方的磨损量相等;12Cr2Ni4钢的相对耐磨性和摩擦系数都随12Cr2Ni4钢硬度的增加而增大,最大的相对耐磨性和摩擦系数的最大值均约为0．9。     

基于受控蠕虫技术的图书馆网络安全系统研究

阐述了蠕虫的工作机制,基于受控蠕虫的特性设计了一种图书馆网络安全系统,指出该系统能自动实施图书馆网络中漏洞的修补和蠕虫清除等工作.     

Global dynamics of a novel multi-group model for computer worms

In this paper, we study worm dynamics in computer networks composed of many autonomous systems. A novel multigroup SIQR (susceptible-infected-quarantined-removed) model is proposed for computer worms by explicitly considering anti-virus measures and the network infrastructure. Then, the basic reproduction number of worm R0 is derived and the global dynamics of the model are established. It is shown that if R0 is less than or equal to 1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the worm dies out eventually, whereas, if R0 is greater than 1, one unique endemic equilibrium exists and it is globally asymptotically stable, thus the worm persists in the network. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results.     

Chemistry and the worm: Caenorhabditis elegans as a platform for integrating chemical and biological research

This Review discusses the potential usefulness of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for chemists interested in studying living systems. C. elegans, a 1 mm long roundworm, is a popular model organism in almost all areas of modern biology. The worm has several features that make it attractive for biology: it is small (<1000 cells), transparent, and genetically tractable. Despite its simplicity, the worm exhibits complex phenotypes associated with multicellularity: the worm has differentiated cells and organs, it ages and has a well-defined lifespan, and it is capable of learning and remembering. This Review argues that the balance between simplicity and complexity in the worm will make it a useful tool in determining the relationship between molecular-scale phenomena and organism-level phenomena, such as aging, behavior, cognition, and disease. Following an introduction to worm biology, the Review provides examples of current research with C. elegans that is chemically relevant. It also describes tools-biological, chemical, and physical-that are available to researchers studying the worm.     

基于暗网的蠕虫检测系统的性能

因为受限于因特网当前的蠕虫活动情况,无法系统地研究暗网检测系统在各种可能情况下的性能.采用了相比原型系统实验方法扩展能力更强的仿真方法,分析了蠕虫的扫描速度、可感染主机的数量和暗网地址数目等因素对于暗网检测系统蠕虫监测性能的影响.仿真实验显示,以上因素大多对于检测系统的性能有很大的影响,同时因特网的特点决定了暗网检测系统在因特网中早期检测蠕虫的作用有限.同时,得到了一个意外结论:被检测的暗网地址数目对于暗网检测系统的影响相对较小.     

基于SolidWorks与AutoCAD蜗轮蜗杆减速机设计研究

研究了在SolidWorks环境下,减速机实体参数化设计与组装的方法,并与AutoCAD软件配合,实现二维工程图的输出与完善．通过三维结构设计软件与二维工程绘图软件相结合,实现了产品设计的整个流程．     

圆柱蜗杆传动曳引机的剖析与改进

以曳引机用锥面包络圆柱蜗杆为例,对圆柱蜗杆传动的啮合进行理论分析,并在开放功率流式齿轮试验装置下,对YJ240型圆柱蜗杆传动曳引机的效率和承载能力进行科学实验.根据圆柱蜗杆传动曳引机在承载能力、传动效率、齿侧间隙调整可能性等方面存在的不足,提出采用具有自主知识产权的变齿厚平面蜗轮作为电梯曳引机的主传动机构,以提高电梯曳引机的整体性能.     

渐开线圆柱蜗杆与斜齿轮传动副接触特性分析

针对渐开线圆柱蜗杆与斜齿轮传动副齿面接触问题,基于空间啮合理论和微分几何,建立传动副共轭齿面接触轨迹及瞬时接触椭圆的数学模型。以某汽车座椅水平调节器中的渐开线圆柱蜗杆与斜齿轮传动副为例,利用数值分析方法对传动副进行齿面接触模拟分析,并进行了传动副齿面接触实验。分析结果表明：调整传动副传动比、法向压力角、法向模数和螺旋角可有效控制接触区域位置和接触面积大小。研究结果对渐开线圆柱蜗杆斜齿轮传动副的设计制造有理论指导意义。     

基于LINGO的蜗杆传动多目标优化设计

以模数、蜗杆头数、直径系数和蜗轮变位系数为设计变量,建立了蜗杆传动多目标优化模型,用线性加权法转化为单目标优化模型,编制了通用的LINGO程序,给出了算例.计算表明程序使用简单、实用,为蜗杆传动设计提供了新方法,值得推广.