One-bath Dyeing of Polyester/Wool Blend with Disperse Dyes

The role of auxiliary LAB as vehicle in dyeing polyester/ wool blends with disperse dyes is described. Dye exhaustion and bonding on polyester/wool samples are studied under different experimental conditions - the LAB amount, the temperature and pH value - to achieve optimum conditions. The results are compared with those obtained with and without conventional dyeing auxiliary products. Although dye exhaustion is higher in the presence of commercial carriers, the dye bonded increases markedly in the presence of auxiliary LAB in both fibers. The role played by auxiliary LAB in polyester/wool blend dyeing can provide a new method for this process.     

Influence of the Process Conditions on the Formation of AOX Compounds during Wool Chlorine Pretreatment

Chlorination occurred simultaneously with oxidationwhen wool was treated by chlorine-containing reagents.The adsorbable organic halogens(AOX) compounds were produced by the chlorination of amino acid residues,especially tyrosine residue. The factors that might influence the reaction of dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA) with tyrosine residue were discussed. Higher temperature, appropriate pH value and lower concentration of chloride ion are favorable to decrease the percentage of chlorination. Determination of optimum process conditions would be helpful to control AOX compounds formation during wool chlorine pretreatment.     

SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO四元矿渣棉体系的表面张力测定与模型预报

表面张力是矿物棉生产的重要参数,直接影响到配料和工艺参数的选择.通过实验测量并建立模型预报系统研究了以高炉渣为主要原料制备矿物棉时熔体的表面张力.首先测量了Si O2(40%~60%)-Al2O3(5%~20%)-Ca O(20%~30%)-Mg O(5%)四元系的表面张力,其值处于350~500 m N·m-1之间;然后结合文献报道的表面张力数据,利用人工神经网络技术建立了Si O2(35%~60%)-Al2O3(5%~20%)-Ca O(20%~45%)-Mg O(0~10%)四元渣系的表面张力预报模型.该模型对成分范围内的表面张力预报平均误差为9.32%,预报精度较高,可以预报矿物棉熔体成分范围内的表面张力.     

高炉渣棉纤维在管道保温中的应用

高炉渣棉纤维是一种优良的保温材料，在建筑、管道保温中占据重要地位。主要介绍了高炉渣纤维用于管道保温的主要指标，分析了高炉渣纤维在国内外的应用现状，并指出了目前国内高炉渣纤维在管道保温应用中存在的主要问题。最后根据现代管道保温材料需求提出了矿棉管道保温材料的生产新技术，并预示了未来管道保温材料的市场前景及发展的新趋势。     

Identification and quantification of different species in animal fibres by LC/ESI‐MS analysis of keratin‐derived proteolytic peptides

In the present paper, a proteomic method for species determination in fibres has been developed. Keratin was extracted from yak, wool and cashmere fibres and digested by trypsin, providing peptide mixtures that were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS) in order to identify peptidic species‐specific markers able to differentiate the fibres. Several suitable peptide markers were identified and validated in different fibres of different origin and having undergone different technological treatments, showing 100% specificity and 100% selectivity. Most of the peptide markers were also identified by means of high‐resolution mass spectrometry, confirming the origin from species‐specific keratin sequences. Some peptides were also used for the quantification of the different species in mixed fibres by LC/ESI‐MS. Validation experiments and blind tests confirmed their ability to act as very specific quantitative and qualitative markers. The method here developed is a valid complement to the standard benchmark methods for fibre identification and quantification and will be very useful for assessing the authenticity of textile products. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

国产超细羊毛织物风格的研究

以超细羊毛织物为对象,应用FAST测试仪测试了织物风格.研究结果表明,超细羊毛织物与传统的毛织物相比,其风格特征更加轻薄柔软、滑糯并具有良好的弹性.     

二氟一氯嘧啶型染料在蚕丝织物上的应用研究

通过测定在不同的温度、pH值下,二氟一氯嘧啶型染料在蚕丝、羊毛和棉纤维上的上染率、固着率和总固着率,初步探索该染料在蚕丝纤维上的成键性能.研究表明,该染料在温度为70℃、pH值为8.5～9.5时,对蚕丝织物有较佳的染色效果.     

The Modification of Substrate in the Soilless Cultivation of Raspberries (Rubus Idaeus L.) as a Factor Stimulating the Biosynthesis of Selected Bioactive Compounds in Fruits

Raspberry fruits are a valuable source of bioactive compounds. The study used the modification of the substrate (coconut fibre), consisting of the use of various organic and mineral additives, in the soilless cultivation of raspberries. The additives influenced the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds in the raspberry fruits by modifying the sorption properties and the abundance of the substrate. The influence of the additives on the content of polyphenols was determined as well as their profile (UPLC-MS), antioxidant potential (ABTS), vitamin C content, and the activity of selected enzymes that are markers of stress and resistance to abiotic factors. In the study, a significant effect of these additives was observed on the biosynthesis of polyphenols in raspberry fruit. The highest increase in the content of these compounds in relation to the control sample (substrate—100% coconut fibre), namely 37.7%, was recorded in the case of fruit produced on coconut substrate enriched with sheep wool. These fruits were also characterised by a significantly different profile of these compounds. These changes were caused by readily available ammonium nitrogen and free amino acids in the decomposition of proteins contained in the sheep wool. This was confirmed by the recorded content of chlorophyll SPAD in the plant leaves and the activity of selected enzymes, which proves a low level of stress and good condition of the plants.     

硅酸铝棉对火焰速度和爆炸超压的抑制作用

为研究硅酸铝棉位置、长度对预混气体爆炸超压和火焰速度的抑制规律,进行了硅酸铝棉抑制管道内预混气体爆炸实验,在管路内置入硅酸铝棉,以室温常压下化学计量浓度的C2H2/air预混气体为介质。结果表明,当硅酸铝棉长度超过速度临界长度时,能够有效抑制火焰速度。当硅酸铝棉长度超过压力临界长度时,能够有效抑制爆炸超压。速度临界长度的大小与硅酸铝棉入口火焰速度有关。压力临界长度的大小与硅酸铝棉入口爆炸超压有关。压力临界长度小于速度临界长度,说明硅酸铝棉对压力的抑制效果更加显著。     

Identification of arsenic species in sheep‐wool extracts by different chromatographic methods

Sheep on the island of North Ronaldsay (Orkney, UK) feed mostly on seaweed, which contains high concentrations of dimethylated arsenoribosides. Wool of these sheep contains dimethylated, monomethylated and inorganic arsenic, in addition to unidentified arsenic species in unbound and complexed form. Chromatographic techniques using different separation mechanisms and detectors enabled us to identify five arsenic species in water extracts of wool. The wool contained 5.2 ± 2.3 µg arsenic per gram wool. About 80% of the arsenic in wool was extracted by boiling the wool with water. The main species is dimethylarsenic, which accounted for about 75 to 85%, monomethylated arsenic at about 5% and the rest is inorganic arsenic. Depending on the separation method and condition, the chromatographic recovery of arsenic species was between 45% for the anion exchange column, 68% for the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 82% for the cation exchange column. The SEC revealed the occurrence of two unknown arsenic compounds, of which one was probably a high molecular mass species. Since chromatographic recovery can be improved by either treating the extract with CuCl/HCl (CAT: 90%) or longer storage of the sample (CAT: 105%), in particular for methylated arsenic species, it can be assumed that labile arsenic–protein‐like coordination species occur in the extract, which cannot be speciated with conventional chromatographic methods. It is clear from our study of sheep wool that there can be different kinds of ‘hidden’ arsenic in biological matrices, depending on the extraction, separation and detection methods used. Hidden species can be defined as species that are not recordable by the detection system, not extractable or do not elute from chromatographic columns. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.