硅灰石的超微细深加工处理

对硅灰石进行超微细深加工处理后的钙白粉做了白度测试、Ｘ射线分析、扫描电子显微镜分析并进行了作为橡胶填充剂的补强实验。结果表明,钙白粉保持了硅灰石独特的性能且补强效果、白度等都优于硅灰石。     

Synthetic CaSiO_3 sol-gel powder and SPS ceramic derivatives: “In vivo” toxicity assessment

The paper presents template strategy using siloxane-acrylate latex and its modified form to prepare nanostructured calcium silicate(wollastonite) containing nanosized gold and regular porosity. Optimal conditions for the annealing of silicate xerogel were outlined leading to nanoporous wollastonite with minimal porous defects(pore size corresponds to latex particles 150–200 nm). The fabrication of nanostructured wollastonite ceramics was suggested to use spark plasma sintering(SPS). The formation of porous ceramic framework(compressive strength ～120 MPa) via SPS consolidation of silicate xerogel(xonotlite) contained latex template(poreformer),a feature of the method for wollastonite template synthesis. The ceramic wollastonite samples have been implanted into ICR/CD1 mice to test the toxicity of the material "in vivo". The results are of great interest for the preparation of high-quality biomaterials for modern medicine using simple technological approaches and available raw materials.     

改性硅灰石在新闻纸造纸业中的双重环境效应

介绍了一种新型矿物填料——改性硅灰石在新闻纸中的应用。样品采自云南省腾冲县，加工成1250目的超细纤维，其长径比为15左右，经化学改性处理，添加到脱墨纸浆中制作新闻纸。实验室手抄片和工业试验结果表明，改性硅灰石能极大地改善再生新闻纸的白度、不透明度和适印性。加入有10％～15％改性硅灰石的新闻纸(定量44～47g／m^2)具有高白度(58％～60％)、高强度(裂断长3800～4000m)和高不透明度(95％～97％)，属高质量新闻纸。另一方面，由于改性硅灰石具有对油墨粒子、细小纤维和有机物有良好的吸附性，添加改性硅灰石的新闻纸在造纸过程中排出的废水易于处理，废水经简单沉淀后所含BOD和COD，以及重金属元素含量极低，达到综合排放国家一级标准。改性硅灰石在造纸业方面显现出保护森林和水体的双重环境效应，是造纸业中一种性能优秀的新型功能填料。     

旋风分离器压力损失的正确测定

本文在旋风筒出口流场测定的基础上,探讨了用一般测定方法确定的压力损失与实际压力损失的差异,提出了旋风筒压力损失的正确测定方法。     

PP—g—MMA对PP／W力学性能及等温结晶动力学的影响

用差示扫描量热法（DSC）考察了聚丙烯（PP）、聚丙烯,硅灰石（PP／W）和聚丙烯,聚丙烯-g-甲基丙烯酸甲酯,硅灰石（PP,PP—g—MMA／W）的等温结晶过程。用Avrami方程对上述过程进行分析,n、K、t1/2 tmax、G1,2等参数表明,W和PP—g—MMA的掺入改变了PP的结晶成核和生长机理。用Laurimen—Hoffman异相成核理论对PP球晶的生长速率进行了分析,△E数值表明,W有较强的成核活性,PP—g—MMA的掺入不仅进一步提高其成核活性,同时对PP大分子的扩散起阻碍作用。总之,PP—g—MMA对PP,W复合材料起增容作用,充分发挥了W的增强增韧效果。     

天然及合成的硅灰石的高压研究

 研究了天然硅灰石（CaSiO₃）的压致相变，并采用高温高压方法直接合成了硅灰石。结果表明：天然硅灰石经高压（4.6~5.0 GPa）高温（1 200~1 250 ℃）处理后转变为深玫瑰色半透明立方晶体，而采用高温（1 050~1 100 ℃）高压（3.8~4.3 GPa）直接合成的硅灰石也具有同样结构及形貌。SEM分析表明：天然硅灰石SiO₂及CaO的含量分别为50.8%和48.1%，而人工合成的产物SiO₂及CaO含量分别为51.35%和48.15%。     

锐钛矿型TiO2/SiO2复合氧化物的制备

以硅灰石为硅源、 硫酸钛为钛源, 在未添加任何表面活性剂的制备条件下得到较高比表面积的多孔锐钛矿型TiO₂/SiO₂复合氧化物.反应过程中生成微溶于水的CaSO₄, 在复合物孔隙的形成中起重要作用. 利用XRD,TEM,N₂吸附和脱附对复合物的微观结构和化学组成进行了表征.     

Selective recognition of sesamol using molecularly imprinted polymers containing magnetic wollastonite

The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have been synthesized using piperonal molecules as dummy template and magnetic wollastonite composites as support. The resulting composites were applied to selective recognition of sesamol from aqueous solution. MMIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). MMIPs were demonstrated with an imprinted polymer film (90-100 nm) and exhibited magnetic property (M(s) =8.60 emu/g) and thermal stability. The effective average diameter of the Fe(3) O(4) nanoparticles was about 10 nm and the thickness of magnetic film was about 160 nm. Batch mode adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the specific adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and selective recognition. The Langmuir isotherm model was fitted to the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model, and the kinetic properties were well described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The value of E(a) in this study was 5.35 kJ/mol for MMIPs. In addition, the selective recognition experiments demonstrated that MMIPs have specific recognition ability toward sesamol.     

Efficiency of wollastonite and ammonium polyphosphate combinations on flame retardancy of polystyrene

The thermal and fire properties of polystyrene (PS) flame retarded by a system composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and wollastonite (W) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis‐combustion flow calorimeter, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, cone calorimetry and epiradiator. The combustion residues were observed by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. The combination of both additives enables increasing the thermal stability of PS while increasing simultaneously the high temperature residue. The peak of HRR was also significantly reduced while time to ignition varied depending on the composition. It was shown that the degradation pathway of PS was affected by the presence of the additives implying a reduction of the effective heat of combustion. In the condensed phase, APP decomposition promotes char formation and favors the reactivity between phosphorus and silicate. A layer composed of char, W and a mixture of calcium and silicon phosphate is formed at the sample surface during combustion. This layer is cohesive enough to limit the release of combustible gases to the gas phase. Moreover, the thermally stable protective layer reaches high temperature enabling the re‐irradiation of a part of the incident heat flux. The flame retardancy of PS is thus enhanced. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.