A novel time-integral type laser energy meter based on anisotropic Seebeck effect

We have posed the design of a time-integral type laser energy meter based on anisotropic Seebeck effect for the first time. Anisotropic Seebeck effect is responsible for the laser-induced thermoelectric voltage effect in high temperature superconductor (HTSC) cuprates and colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) manganites thin films grown on tilted single crystal substrates. In this study, for an example, an epitaxial La_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃ thin film prepared on a tilted LaAlO₃ substrate by standard pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) method is tested with a 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and its 2nd (532 nm), 3rd (355 nm), and 4th (266 nm) harmonics from room temperature to 16 K. The integral of the voltage signal with time shows a good linear relation with the laser energy per pulse in the measured wavelength and temperature range, which confirms the theoretical analysis given in this letter and can be used to design a time-integral type laser energy meter. The sensitivity increases as the film thickness increases or as the thermal diffusion constant decreases, which makes the time-integral type laser energy meter low cost as compared with the peak-voltage type. It operates with fast (nanosecond range) and broad-spectrum (from infrared to ultraviolet) response in wide temperature range (from room temperature to 10s K), and can be useful replacements for pyroelectric power/energy meters.     

现场用激光能量计校准方法的实验研究

在激光功率能量测量当中,军用激光现场检测环境温度和实验室环境温度相差很大,而激光能量计的传感器灵敏度与环境温度条件有关,不对激光能量计进行温度灵敏度校准,将严重影响测量结果。针对目前存在的问题,本文提出将激光能量计放置于温控制箱中,脉冲激光器输出的激光经过分光镜分束后分为2束激光,其中透射光由标准能量计或现场激光能量计接收,反射光由参考能量计接收,在-50℃～70℃的温度范围内进行校准的一种新方法,并进行原理性的验证实验及结果分析,得到了能量计灵敏度系数关于环境温度的函数关系,使得能量计在非标准环境下进行准确测量成为可能。为激光能量计现场测试校准技术的研究提供了一种可靠的新途径。     

基于Verilog HDL的简易数字频率计设计

利用“自顶向下”的设计方法,采用VerilogHDL硬件描述语言和原理图描述相结合的方式,设计了简易数字频率计系统,并在Quartus11软件环境下对设计项目进行了编译和时序仿真。仿真结果表明,该设计能根据输入信号频率进行量程自转换调整。给出了测量结果并在实验板上4位七段数码管上进行正确显示．     

基于多评价参数的海上低渗气藏分类方法

中国海上低渗透天然气资源探明储量逐年增加,为了经济高效地动用这部分储量,对低渗透气藏进行合理的分类至关重要。以莺歌海盆地东方区黄流组气田群为例,优选米无阻流量、渗透率、主流喉道半径、可动流体饱和度、含气饱和度、气层厚度6个评价参数,综合应用于海上低渗透气藏分类,建立了海上低渗透气藏的分类评价方法。综合考虑目前海上气藏的开发特点,各分类参数之间的相关性等因素,把低渗透气藏细分为4个亚类,确定了各评价参数的分类界限,并提出了各（亚）类低渗透气藏的开发建议。分类评价方法细化了对海上低渗透气藏的认识,避免了针对不同类型的低渗透气藏采用固定的分类标准带来的分类误差,可以较好地筛选出在目前海上开采技术和经济条件下适合开发的气层,对类似气藏的分类评价也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Procedure for Automated Measurement and Calculation of the Electrophysical Parameters of Solar Cells

We described the procedures for automated measurement and calculation of the electrophysical parameters of solar cells on the basis of the IBM PC, a solar radiation simulator, V721A digital voltmeters, and a programcontrolled potentiometer which ensure the programmed assignment of the load resistance in the range 0.002–15,000 and measurement of the light voltampere characteristics of the solar cells, a shortcircuit current, and the opencircuit voltage and also calculated the basic parameters of the solar cells, such as the efficiency, the fullfactor of the voltampere characteristics, optimum and maximum power, optimum load resistance, series and shunt resistance, and the matching factor for the ideal and experimental voltampere characteristic of the solar cells. The error in the measurement and calculation of the solar cell parameters does not exceed 0.2%.     

利用负阻抗构成无内阻抗模拟电表

将负阻抗引入电表测量电路，可消除由内阻抗引起的系统误差，从而构成无内阻抗电表。本文分析了电表内阻引起的测量误差，介绍了利用负阻抗消除内阻影响的方法，并给出了负阻抗原理电路和实际应用电路。     

一个物理设计实验

我们安排了一个“用电位差计校正电表”的物理实验,要求学生自行设计实验线路、选配仪器设备、进行误差分析和数据处理,从而提高学生的实验技能。     

浅谈如何减少万用表的测量误差

掌握正确的操作方法，经常维护保养和合理选用万用表是减少万用表测量误差的有效途径。     

微安表内阻的测量

本文介绍了测量表头内阻的几种方法,并通过实验,对这几种方法进行了分析研究     

pi仪在内燃机特性研究中的应用

通过精确测量内燃机平均指示压力ｐｉ值，找出ｐｉ值与上止点之间线性关系，以及内燃机整个工作过程和转速突变工况的ｐｉ值的变化规律