水下航行器通气超空泡生成与维持实验研究

超高速水下航行器通气系统工作时需采用多级通气流量.为获得通气流量的设计依据,在西北工业大学高速水洞进行了超空泡生成和维持、通气流量突变对空泡形态影响的系列实验研究.实验结果表明:生成超空泡的通气流量与维持相应空泡形态的通气流量相差很大,就本次研究所选的模型而言,前者是后者的2.616倍左右;通气超空泡生成速度与航行器速...     

有无车轮对低风阻车型气动特性的影响

针对有无车轮低风阻电动汽车模型进行数值计算,并通过对两种模型是气动力、表面压力、速度场等计算结果对比,评估了有无车轮对低风阻车型气动特性的影响。研究表明：车轮的存在使得整车气动阻力增大63.8%,其中各部件的贡献从大到小依次为前轮室、车身前部、背部、车底（负贡献）、后轮室;而升力增大一倍多,主要来源于车底的贡献;流场结果显示车轮对车身的气动作用体现在车轮带来的全局阻塞和局部尾迹两种效应的综合影响;后轮及后轮导流罩产生的尾迹会导致低阻车尾部涡环强度增强,回流区长度减小,背压降低。综合气动阻力、升力、压力分布和流场对比分析,明确了车轮的存在会给低风阻车型带来较大的气动特性变化。     

考虑下垫面复杂性的行人风环境评估

为解决城市下垫面给风环境评估带来的困难,建立地形-建筑物耦合模型进行风洞试验,研究某桥址区风环境变化规律;采用三参数Weibull分布对实际下垫面影响下气象数据进行拟合;结合拟合参数和试验风速比得到桥面行人舒适度超越阈值概率.结果表明:桥址区风速受山体的阻挡作用而减小,同时桥址区风速受城市建筑拖曳作用和街道风加速效应明显;结合三参数Weibull分布拟合得到的参数,桥面两端行人舒适度较高,同时桥面跨中位置处受街道风影响较大,易产生行人不舒适感.     

采用模糊规则的风机超速区 变参数综合惯性控制方法

对风机参与电力系统调频的控制策略进行研究,提出一种基于模糊规则的风机超速区变参数综合惯性控制方法.首先,分析风机传统综合惯性控制方法,针对电网频率的二次跌落问题,对风机超速状态下的惯性响应特性进行研究,使风机具有更好的转速恢复能力;然后,针对风机实际运行状态与惯性控制系统参数间的动态匹配问题,以频率差值和频率变化率为考量标准,制定模糊规则,实现风机惯性控制更优的动态响应,并进一步减小电网频率的二次跌落.仿真实验表明:文中方法具有可行性和有效性.     

基于长期实测数据的西北地区风力发电场风速风向联合概率分布分析

为更准确地研究风力发电结构在风荷载下的结构响应,基于甘肃气象局提供的1981-2017年甘肃六地风速风向实测数据,对各地区的风速风向联合概率进行分析.抽取每天的最大极值风速及其对应风向为极值样本,统计分析得到各地区风速风向联合分布.将Gumbel,Frechet和Weibull分布函数线性化的基础上,利用最小二乘法拟合各分布函数参数,根据参数拟合结果推算各地区10,50和100年重现期的极值风速,并和各地区最大基本风速规范建议值进行对比.研究结果表明,考虑风速风向概率影响的基本风速更加符合实际情况,最大基本风速规范建议值偏于保守.     

双悬臂状态高墩连续刚构桥的风振及控制研究

高墩连续刚构桥是跨越山谷深壑的主要桥型之一。对于尚未合拢、处于双悬臂状态的连续刚构桥风振效应是其冬季停工期间的应重点考虑的安全问题。通过对双悬臂状态雁宿崖大桥的抖振时程分析,计算了双悬臂状态连续刚构桥在风荷载作用下出现的横桥向振动响应。研究了悬臂长度、风速与横向位移之间的关系,并提出用缆风绳抑制风致振动的措施。分析表明,缆风绳能有效减小双悬臂状态下的连续刚构桥风致振动。     

Principle of temperature,velocity and pressure of upper atmospheric wind measurement for the Voigt profile

Using the accurate expression of the Fourier transform of the pure Voigt spectral line profile, we present the principle of the passive optical method to measure temperature, velocity, and pressure of atmospheric wind for the Voigt profile. Through discussion, from the Gaussian, Lorentzian and Voigt profiles, we find that velocity will not be affected, pressure can be derived for Lorentzian and Voigt profiles, and temperature will be affected greatly. By simulation and comparison, we find that temperature derived from the Voigt profile is greater than that from the Gaussian profile, and it is less than that from the Lorentzian profile. This discussion will be significant in accurate upper atmospheric wind measurement.     

Determination of Chloride Content in Different Types of Cement Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

The characterization and accurate determination of the chloride content in cement/concrete is very important for the assessment of the durability and safety of a concrete structure. The available analytical techniques are relatively expensive and time consuming. In this study, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was used for determination of elemental composition in three different types of cement samples. The plasma was generated by focusing a pulsed Nd: YAG laser at 1064 nm on the cement samples. The concentrations of different elements of significance for structural stability in cement samples were determined. The evaluation of the potential and the capabilities of LIBS as a rapid tool for characterization of cement samples is discussed. The optimum LIBS setup and experimental conditions to detect and measure chloride in building materials are reported. The LIBS results were compared with the results obtained using a standard analytical technique such as inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP–ES). The limits of detection were determined, and calibration curves were measured. The results of this investigation indicate the reliability of LIBS to characterize different cement samples and to assess the chloride content in these cements.     

Using a pseudo-functionally graded interlayer in order to improve the static and dynamic behavior of wind turbine blade T-bolt root joints

The large wind turbines blades with multi-ton composite structures are mostly connected to the peach-bearings flanges using T-bolt joints which induce shear and bearing stress fields around the cross bolts. The significant differences between the modulus of elasticity of metallic bolts and composite surrounding materials cause stress concentration around interfaced zones and, also, limit the load capacity of the joints. In the present research, a pseudo functionally graded material (PFGM) as an interlayer is used around the cross bolts to examine the reduction of the stress concentration. Some radial variation of the mechanical properties would be considered for this interlayer. The finite element method is used to analyze the structures. Loadings are applied to the center of the cross bolts analogous to the real cases. Both the static and dynamic loadings are studied. For the finite element of the functionally graded material interlayer, a multilayer alternative material with constant properties in each layer is used. The results show that using an isotropic single layer with an average modulus of elasticity and specific thickness decreases the stress concentration of the composite part up to 47%. The various property models for the interlayer also show that an appropriated model can decrease the stress concentration up to 55%. Dynamic transient analyses would be implemented over the joint structure and improved considering to the practical cases. Using the PFGM interlayer decreases the constant and variable parts of the stresses up to 55% and also causes significant increasing of the joint fatigue life.     

The aging of atmospheric plasma-treated ultrahigh-modulus polyethylene fibers

The aging effects of atmospheric plasma treatments on UHMPE fibers are studied. UHMPE fibers are treated for 0.5 and 1 min with He/O₂/air gas and for 2 and 4 min with He/air gas by atmospheric pressure plasma on a capacitively coupled device at a frequency of 5 kHz. The samples are tested for fiber/epoxy interfacial shear strength at time intervals of 0, 3, 15 and 30 days after initial plasma treatment. Scanning electron microscopy shows micro-cracks on each set of treated fibers, which is not affected by aging over the 30 day study. Interfacial shear strengths (IFSS) for plasma-treated fibers are 2–3 times as high as that of the control. The IFSS for the plasma treated fibers remains constant up to 15 days and then decreases afterwards. XPS Analysis shows a slight increase in atomic concentration of oxygen and nitrogen for each plasma-treated sample. For the He/O₂/air plasma-treated samples, XPS analysis shows an observable increase in C–OH bonds, C=O bonds and COOH bonds, while for the He/air plasma-treated samples, there is a slight increase in C–OH and O=C–O bonds. After 30 days, a decrease in oxygen content for all plasma-treated samples is manifested.