新疆大风环境下输电线路风偏故障的研究和预测

通过对比新疆 750 kV 输电线路风偏故障的实测数据与缩尺模型风洞试验的实验数据, 分析了在大风环 境下风速和风向对输电线路的风偏角、导线张力、杆塔最小空气间隙和击穿电压影响, 得到了风偏故障时的闪络电 压,合理划分了故障的预警等级,形成了一个输电线路风偏故障的预警模型．该模型可为大风下输电线路的设计提 供参考,以降低输电线路风偏放电故障率,提高高压输电线路的安全运行水平     

西北太平洋2001-2014年热带气旋结构变化的环境垂直风切变和水汽场统计

利用Best Track资料、TRMM卫星资料和NCEP再分析资料中2001—2014年西北太平洋海域385个热带气旋(TC)的4967个观测记录, 将TC结构变化分成9类, 并分析 TC结构变化对垂直风切变和水汽场的响应。结果表明, 西北太平洋强度增大的TC主要伴随东风切变, 强度减小的TC主要伴随西风切变。在较强的垂直风切变(v > 5 m/s)作用下, TC的结构变化没有明显的水汽异常; 而在较弱的垂直风切变(v ≤ 5 m/s)作用下, “增强增大” (“缩小减弱”)的TC伴随着正(负)水汽异常。     

围压效应对钙泥质胶结砂岩强度和变形的影响

针对西部地区侏罗系砂岩成岩年代新、胶结程度较差,以及煤矿高强度开采的特点,开展恒定围压下三轴压缩实验,不同速率卸围压,以及单块多级加载实验,研究围压路径变化效应对钙泥质胶结砂岩强度和变形特征的影响.实验表明:西部中粒砂岩峰值强度、残余强度、峰值应变、弹性模量、泊松比等力学参数均对围压依赖性较强,且由于其钙泥质胶结的细观特性使其黏聚力、内摩擦角相比其他地区、其他年代的砂岩较低.随着围压的增大,试件由简单平整破裂面向复杂非平整多破裂面破裂模式转化.变围压加载过程中,围压的变化对砂岩的承载能力和变性特征影响显著,围压主要通过束缚试件横向变形和裂纹扩展,以及增大内部摩擦的方式影响岩体的力学特征,围压卸载和加载对岩体力学参数的影响规律可为采场推进速度优化和围岩支护分析提供一定的参考.     

含孔花岗岩破裂过程不同区域声发射特征

利用孔洞对声发射(AE)传播的阻隔作用,对AE探头监测区域进行分区.通过含孔花岗岩双轴加载破坏过程的AE多通道监测实验,研究了岩石变形破坏过程不同区域AE特征及其与破坏模式之间的关系.结果表明:试件的AE探头监测区域分为独测区、共测区、盲测区;试件共有两种破坏形式,“V”型和贯穿型;对于“V”型破坏的试件,主破裂发生在独测区,各通道的AE特征明显不同;对于贯穿型破坏试件,主破裂发生于共测区,各通道的AE特征较为相近.     

基于均匀设计的海峡两岸高层建筑顺风向风荷载多因素分析

为明确海峡两岸高层建筑顺风向风荷载的异同,对两岸建筑风荷载标准进行了对标分析,并采用均匀设计方法进行了高层建筑顺风向风荷载多因素分析。研究表明:两岸风荷载标准中基本风速取样方法和极值分布参数取值方法存在明显区别,风压高度变化系数分布和不同重现期的设计风速转换系数大致相同,台湾标准给出的湍流强度建议值明显大于大陆标准;台湾标准分类计算建筑物主体和围护结构的设计风压,大陆标准采用统一表达式,两者给出的设计风荷载组合方式区别明显;以基底剪力和基底弯矩作为评价指标,H/(BL)(1/2)(高宽比)、α地面粗糙度指数)、C_g(脉动效应系数)、C_p(风荷载体型系数)和I_z(湍流强度),对高层建筑顺风向风荷载的影响程度依次减小,H/(BL)(1/2)和α为主要影响因素;随H/(BL)(1/2)的增大,C_g对顺风向风荷载的影响逐渐增强,当H/(BL)(1/2)增大到一定程度时,C_g成为主导因素。     

一种新数值工具在车辆气动声学开发中的应用

为了优化车辆开发过程的有效性，数值气动声学分析法的实施和应用对汽车制造商来说变得越来越重要。提出了一种结合延迟分离涡流模拟和基于Lighthill方程及声学扰动方程的有限元模型混合数值工具，应用OpenFOAM和Actran软件实现了基于声学有限元法的近场声源区提取及声学压力脉动计算，并尝试应用于车顶扰流板及后视镜区域的气动噪声计算及分析。在兰博基尼Urus车型上，研究了不同车顶扰流板设计的气动声学行为，将仿真结果与斯图加特大学气动声学全尺寸风洞的实验结果进行比较，发现了令人信服的相关性。此外，探讨了扰流板上的主要噪声产生机制，研究了汽车表面压力波动水平随几何形状改变的变化情况。     

Computational investigation toward selective collection of water particles containing odorous molecules by electrostatic spraying

The necessity of odor sensing has been increasing from environmental and health standpoints. Here, we propose the novel concept of a small device which can select odor molecules based on electrostatic spraying. For high selectivity of the target gas or odor, we conducted computational fluid dynamics coupled with an electrostatic field, as well as measurements by particle image velocimetry and anemometry. The computational model successfully reproduced characteristic features of ionic wind. Different trajectories of charged particles were computationally obtained owing to their electrical mobility. The results imply that different materials might be separated by the arrangement of the collecting electrode.     

Evolution of downsized crescent-shaped dune in wind tunnel experiment

The migration of a downsized crescent-shaped dune was investigated in a wind tunnel experiment.Quantified upwind influx and vertical oscillation of the sand bed were introduced to modulate the saturation level of the sand flux above the dune surface to affect dune evolution.The evolution was recorded by top-view photography and then abstracted as the evolution of self-defined characteristic quantities using a digital image processing algorithm.The results showed that,in contrast to the case for spanwise quantities,the evolution of streamwise quantities corresponds to a linear increase in the modulation magnitude more positively and in a monotonic and convergent manner.In contrast with quantities on the windward face,the changes in quantities with respect to the horns were nonmonotonic with time and almost uncorrelated with the variation in modulation strength,which reveals the distinctiveness of leeside evolution.     

Control of a turbulent flow separated at mid-chord along an airfoil with DBD plasma actuators

The goal of the present experimental study is to investigate the ability of surface DBD plasma actuators to delay flow separation along the suction side of a NACA0015 airfoil. Three single surface DBD actuators that can operate separately are mounted on the suction side of the profile, at 18%, 27% and 37% of the chord length. The boundary layer is transitioned by a tripper to be sure that the flow control is not due to the laminar-to-turbulent transition. The angle of attack is equal to 11.5° and the free-stream velocity to U₀ = 40 m/s, resulting in a chord-based Reynolds number of Re_c = 1.33 × 10⁶. The flow is studied with a high-resolution PIV system. In such conditions, the baseline flow separation occurs at 50% of chord. Then, the different single DBD have been switched on separately, in order to investigate the actuator location effect. One highlights that the DBD located at x_c/c = 18% is more effective than the two others ones, with a separation delay up to 64% of chord. When the three DBDs operate simultaneously, the separation point moves progressively toward the trailing edge when the high voltage is increased, up to 76% of chord at 20 kV. Finally, the effect of the actuation frequency on the control authority has been investigated, by varying the value of the operating frequency and by burst-modulation. For frequencies equal to 50 Hz and 500 Hz (reduced frequency F⁺ = 0.31 and 3.1), the separation has been delayed at 76 and 80% of chord, respectively.     

Application of a hybrid meshless technique for natural frequencies analysis in functionally graded thick hollow cylinder subjected to suddenly thermal loading

A hybrid meshless technique based on composition of meshless local Petrov–Galerkin method (for spatial variables) and Newmark finite difference method (for time domain) is developed for natural frequencies analysis of thick cylinder made of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The FG cylinder is assumed to be under suddenly thermal loading, axisymmetric and plane strain conditions. The dynamic behaviors and time history of displacements are obtained in time domain using Green–Naghdi (GN) theory of coupled thermo-elasticity (without energy dissipation). Using fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique, the displacements are transferred to frequency domain and all natural frequencies are illustrated for various grading patterns of FGMs. The variations of mechanical properties in FG thick hollow cylinder are considered to be in nonlinear volume fraction law through radial direction. The presented hybrid meshless technique furnishes a ground to analyze the effects of various grading patterns of FGMs on natural frequencies, which are obtained employing GN coupled thermo-elasticity governing equations. Also, the frequency history and natural frequencies are illustrated for various grading patterns at several points across thickness of cylinder.