Nonlinear oblique propagation of magnetohydrodynamic waves in the solar wind

Summary Oblique propagating magnetohydrodynamic waves with various wave forms and amplitudes are observed both at the Earth's foreshock and at comets. The possibility of interpreting some observational results in terms of nonlinear evolution of one- and two-dimensional hydromagnetic waves is investigated. For this purpose both analytical and numerical techniques are employed. It is found that an initial monochromatic wave changes its polarization giving origin to magnetosonic shocks and rotational discontinuities; the time evolution of density-magnetic-field correlation is studied, as a function of the plasma parameters and of the propagation angle. In the two-dimensional case both a transverse instability and a self-focusing effect may take place. Moreover, a two-dimensional magnetosonic solution is found, in which the density fluctuations are driven by the total pressure fluctuation as in a one-dimensional simple wave. These theoretical predictions compare well with the features observed in the solar-wind waves. Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990.     

Evolution of the Alfvénic correlation in the solar wind

Summary The radial evolution of Alfvénic correlation is such that its value decreases with increasing heliocentric distance. So far this behaviour has been interpreted as an increase in the local production of ?inward? modes interacting destructively with the ?outward? modes. This work, which deals with largescale turbulence, shows that local generation phenomena are not commonly found in the solar wind and that the Alfvénic character of the fluctuations mainly depend on the ?outward? modes alone. The interaction of these modes with density and/or magnetic-field structures convected by the wind causes their destruction and a consequent depletion of the Alfvénic correlation. The same effect would be obtained if ?inward? modes were really present. Our conclusions are that large-scale ?inward? modes are the spectral counterpart of non-propagating field and plasma structures convected by the solar wind and identified as both compression regions and pressure balance structures. Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990.     

第14届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题与中国队学生实验能力分析

介绍了第14届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题,并针对参赛学生在竞赛中的失分情况分析了竞赛评分规则,指出了实验数据处理方法中的重点和存在的问题。     

风速测量实验的设计与探究

基于电磁理论和空气动力学的相关知识,利用磁铁、金属棒和DISLAB传感器等器件设计并制作了风速测量系统,可准确地测量2-11级范围内的风速值.该装置还可作为演示电磁感应现象的设计型实验内容,实验过程中可加深学生对电磁感应现象的理解,并提高学生对matlab软件的应用能力.     

Principle of temperature,velocity and pressure of upper atmospheric wind measurement for the Voigt profile

Using the accurate expression of the Fourier transform of the pure Voigt spectral line profile, we present the principle of the passive optical method to measure temperature, velocity, and pressure of atmospheric wind for the Voigt profile. Through discussion, from the Gaussian, Lorentzian and Voigt profiles, we find that velocity will not be affected, pressure can be derived for Lorentzian and Voigt profiles, and temperature will be affected greatly. By simulation and comparison, we find that temperature derived from the Voigt profile is greater than that from the Gaussian profile, and it is less than that from the Lorentzian profile. This discussion will be significant in accurate upper atmospheric wind measurement.     

线-铝箔电极电晕放电激励器的推力理论与实验研究

空气电晕放电离子风激励器无需旋转部件, 仅通过消耗电能就能直接产生驱动力, 它是一种新型的动力技术, 备受国内外航空航天界的广泛关注. 目前对空气电晕放电离子风激励器的推力产生机理虽有各种解释, 但是现有理论均不能统一各种条件下的实验结果, 仍需要开展进一步的分析与研究. 本文以线-铝箔电极电晕放电激励器为研究对象, 通过实验研究发现作用在线电极与铝箔电极上的静电力不对称, 而且改变铝箔电极纵向高度和气压均能影响激励器的推力大小; 通过理论分析, 考虑电晕层与空间电荷的影响, 建立了线-铝箔电极电晕放电激励器的推力计算模型, 其计算值与实测值比较一致. 基于上述实验现象与理论建模分析, 本文认为线-铝箔电极电晕放电激励器的推力主要来源于线电极电晕产生的空间电荷对电极系统产生了不对称静电力作用, 使激励器出现净静电力作用.     

一种基于并行混沌和SFLA的风电电网无功优化模型设计

针对已有方法在解决电网无功优化时,由于系统的无功不足和电网电压的不稳定,容易过早收敛到局部最优解的缺点,设计了一种基于并行混沌和混合蛙跳算法 (Shuffle Frog Leaping Algorithm, SFLA)的电网无功优化模型。首先,建立了最小化有功网损、最大化静态电压稳定裕度和最大化无功补偿单位投资收益的多目标数学优化模型,然后,对经典的SFLA进行改进,通过引入精英协同进化机制和划分种群的方式实现并行寻优,从而增加个体的多样性和加快最优解的求取速度,在不同种群中设计不同的适应度函数和个体更新进化方法。为了使得算法的初始解分布更为均匀,引入用混沌机制来对种群进行初始化,最后,对基于并行混沌和SFLA的总体算法进行了设计和分析。在Matlab环境下进行实验,实验结果表明文中方法得到的优化结果具有电网有功损耗小、单位投资收益高和静态电压稳定裕度大的优点,具有较强的可行性和适应性。     

Acoustic Measures and Self-reports of Vocal Fatigue by Female Teachers

This study investigated the relation of symptoms of vocal fatigue to acoustic variables reflecting type of voice production and the effects of vocal loading. Seventy-nine female primary school teachers volunteered as subjects. Before and after a working day, (1) a 1-minute text reading sample was recorded at habitual loudness and loudly (as in large classroom), (2) a prolonged phonation on [a:] was recorded at habitual speaking pitch and loudness, and (3) a questionnaire about voice quality, ease, or difficulty of phonation and tiredness of throat was completed. The samples were analyzed for average fundamental frequency (F0), sound pressure level (SPL), and phonation type reflecting alpha ratio (SPL [1-5 kHz]-SPL [50 Hz-1 kHz]). The vowel samples were additionally analyzed for perturbation (jitter and shimmer). After a working day, F0, SPL, and alpha ratio were higher, jitter and shimmer values were lower, and more tiredness of throat was reported. The average levels of the acoustic parameters did not correlate with the symptoms. Increase in jitter and mean F0 in loud reading correlated with tiredness of throat. The results seem to suggest that, at least among experienced vocal professionals, voice production type had little relevance from the point of view of vocal fatigue reported. Differences in the acoustic parameters after a vocally loading working day mainly seem to reflect increased muscle activity as a consequence of vocal loading.     

Changes in Objective Acoustic Measurements and Subjective Voice Complaints in Call Center Customer-Service Advisors During One Working Day

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to investigate how different acoustic parameters, extracted both from speech pressure waveforms and glottal flows, can be used in measuring vocal loading in modern working environments and how these parameters reflect the possible changes in the vocal function during a working day. In addition, correlations between objective acoustic parameters and subjective voice symptoms were addressed. The subjects were 24 female and 8 male customer-service advisors, who mainly use telephone during their working hours. Speech samples were recorded from continuous speech four times during a working day and voice symptom questionnaires were completed simultaneously. Among the various objective parameters, only F0 resulted in a statistically significant increase for both genders. No correlations between the changes in objective and subjective parameters appeared. However, the results encourage researchers within the field of occupational voice use to apply versatile measurement techniques in studying occupational voice loading.