高超声速飞行器气动热关联换算方法研究

气动热风洞实验是地面研究和预测飞行器气动热环境的重要手段之一, 但由于风洞实验模拟能力的限制, 风洞实验的流场参数和模型的几何尺度都会与实际飞行情况存在一定的差别, 导致地面风洞实验中得到的模型表面气动加热率数据无法直接用于飞行条件下的热环境预测和热防护设计. 以往通过针对具体飞行器的试验结果进行数据拟合后外插的气动热关联换算方法指向性较强, 没有考虑到气动热的具体影响参数, 存在一定局限性, 难以外推应用于其他外形的飞行器. 为解决通过气动热风洞实验数据外推预测飞行条件下气动热的技术难题, 基于无量纲NS方程和边界层理论分析研究了影响气动热的主要参数, 并通过推导化简边界层近似解热流公式, 针对层流流态建立了气动热关联换算方法, 可以考虑当地边界层外缘参数的影响, 具有一定通用性. 在此基础上, 利用建立的方法将Reentry-F飞行器缩比模型的风洞实验数据换算到该飞行器飞行条件下的典型工况, 并与飞行测量结果进行了比较, 外推预测结果与飞行测量结果符合较好, 表明建立的关联方法可以用于气动热风洞实验数据的外推换算.      

大风区铁路沿线挡风墙积沙机理及优化措施的风洞实验研究

位于兰州至新疆的兰新二线是世界上首条穿越大风区的高速铁路,途径著名的烟墩风区、百里风区、三十里风区及达坂城风区,风区段铁路里程长达 462.4 km,占新疆段线路总长的 65.1${\%}$,大风对铁路的运营、养护和运输造成很大危害. 为了降低大风对通行列车的危害,兰新铁路沿线设置了大量挡风墙. 挡风墙发挥作用的同时,也带来了铁路沿线的积沙问题. 为了解决这一工程实践的现实问题,本文提出了在现有挡风墙背风侧的不同位置处,设立第二道挡墙以减弱铁路积沙的治理思路,并开展了对应条件下对现有单道挡风墙、以及在现有单道挡风墙背风侧坡顶处和坡脚处设置第二道挡墙,共计3种情景的风洞模拟实验,发现设置第二道挡墙后距轨道线路高0.1 m处的沙粒水平速度、数密度、输沙通量及沉积率较无第二道挡墙时明显减少,介于8%$\sim$12${\%}$,51%$\sim$69${\%}$,20%$\sim$73${\%}$以及26%$\sim $38${\%}$,而且在现有单道挡风墙背风侧坡顶部增设第二道挡风墙的效果更好. 因此,本文的研究成果有助于优化大风区已有铁路沿线、城镇等防沙治沙工程措施.      

随机风-浪一体化降维建模及风机结构可靠度研究

基于随机脉动风场和随机波浪力场的谱表示降维模拟方法,采用脉动风速Davenport谱与波浪P-M谱对风、浪谱参数进行一体化构造,并应用相同的基本随机变量来保障风、浪模拟的概率信息一致,实现了随机风-浪一体化降维建模。进一步,基于ANSYS有限元软件建立了近海风机塔架数值计算模型,并以顶点位移为指标,进行了三种工况下结构的动力可靠度分析。数值算例验证了随机风-浪一体化降维建模方法的有效性。结构动力分析结果表明,风荷载对风机塔架顶点位移响应的影响占主导地位,同时波浪荷载的作用亦不可忽略。此外,随机风-浪一体化降维方法生成的代表性样本概率信息完备,可与概率密度演化理论结合实现海工结构在风浪共同作用下的精细化动力响应及可靠度分析。     

杭州大剧院风压分布的风洞试验研究

杭州大剧院外观造型新颖独特，由一个近似为椭球的双曲面屋盖和一个倒置的圆锥面玻璃幕墙相交形成大剧院的主体建筑的外轮廓．本文结合该主体结构的抗风设计要求，制作了1：200刚性模型进行结构表面脉动风压平均风压分布的风洞试验研究，详细介绍了风洞试验及数据处理方法，讨论了在不同风向角下椭球面屋盖和圆锥面玻璃幕墙的风压分布．为了便于整体结构设计，本文根据结构的实际情况对椭球面和圆锥面进行分块并给出相应的分块风压数据，最后根据各风向角下的风压分布特征给出了整体结构抗风设计的最不利风向角．     

Numerical study of a well boat operating at a fish farm in current

Dynamic response of a well boat operating at a fish farm in current is investigated numerically. An objective is to determine the operational conditions of the well boat. In terms of the fish farm, a realistic set-up (with single cage) is considered, including a floating collar, an elastic sinker tube, a flexible-closed net cage and a complex mooring system. A time-domain solution is used to find the steady configuration and response. Transverse viscous current loads are estimated using the cross-flow principle. The drag coefficients are obtained empirically by considering cross-sectional details, free surface and three-dimensional (3D) flow effects. The drag force is experimentally validated. The effect of the ship wake on the net loading is also assessed.The most critical scenario with the well boat placed at the weather side of the fish farm is analyzed in detail. Critical response variables for operational limits are the maximum anchor-line tensions and floater stresses. Numerical results show that the anchor loads will increase more than 40% in small current velocities and up to 90% in high current velocities due to the viscous current loads on the boat. There is also a strong increase of the floating collar deformations and stresses when the well boat is in contact with the floating collar.A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to identify the physical parameters affecting the anchor loads and the maximum stress in the floating collar. From our studies, the anchor loads are more sensitive to current direction, bottom weight system, sinker tube depth and mooring line properties (pretension load, anchor chain weight, etc.) and less sensitive to other parameters such as floating collar stiffness and cross-sectional drag coefficients of the well boat. The shading effect of the well boat on the fish-farm inflow has been examined and appeared not negligible with 4% to 10% reduction of the anchor loads for the studied current conditions. The maximum stress in the floating collar is sensitive to well-boat loads related parameters (current direction, cross-sectional drag coefficient) and pretension load in the anchor line; not so sensitive to net loading related parameters such as sinker tube depth and sinker tube weight.Lastly, the operational conditions of the well boat at the fish farm were discussed. Numerical results show that the maximum stresses in the floating collar should be of major concern. The loads in the mooring lines are moderate compared with the corresponding breaking limits.     

尖顶弯折三角翼气动特性研究

 对75°后掠三角翼在40%根弦处弯折引起的升阻特性及俯仰特性的 变化进行了低速风洞实验研究，初步分析了尖顶弯折对三角翼气动特性 的影响趋势. 得出尖顶弯折在低速大攻角下，可以使升力系数Cy增大、升阻比提高，并推迟失速攻角amax，从而说明顶部弯折对三角翼气动特 性的改善作用是显著的.     

一个关于高柔结构顺风向抗风设计中考虑地震作用组合的概率模型及求解

基于概率方法建立了高柔结构顺风向抗风设计中,考虑地震作用组合的总水平荷载的计算模型并进行了求解．在基于Turkstra准则的具体组合分析中,考虑了风和地震作用作为离散随机过程的发生概率以及风速和地面加速度的概率分布特征,并按照随机变量及相应函数的概率密度关系,得到了风和地震作用的概率密度分布．后利用卷积方法,分析探讨了结构抗风设计中地震作用的组合,并给出了实际的高柔结构算例．该研究反映对于水平荷载由风荷载起控制作用的高柔结构,最大水平荷载验算中,考虑风和地震作用后组合的总荷载可能较抗震设计中考虑了风荷载组合的结果更为不利．     

地面气象测报业务软件瑕疵的改进-以风极值时间缺测的处理为例

在地面气象观测数据审核工作中发现,自动气象站采集的风极值在24时00分出现“时间缺测”的概率比较大,需要数据审核员按照技术规范逐一进行处理。地面气象测报业务软件的新版本应当考虑这一问题,以提高数据处理的有效性,并可弥补自动气象站监控软件的不足。     

Theoretical description of improving measurement accuracy for incoherence Mie Doppler wind lidar

For the nonlinearity of Fabry-Perot interferometer(FPI) transmission spectrum,the measurement uncertainty of incoherent Mie Doppler wind lidar based on it increases evidently with the increase of backscattering signal Doppler shift.A method of repeating the use of the approximate linear part of FPI transmission spectra for reducing the high uncertainty of a big Doppler shift is proposed.One of the ways of realizing this method is discussed in detail,in which the characteristics of FPI transmission spectrum changing with thickness and incident angle are utilized simultaneously.Under different atmosphere conditions,it has been proved theoretically that the range of measurement uncertainty drops to one-sixth while its minimum has no serious change.This method can be used not only to guide the new system design,but also as a new working way for the fabricated system.     

The stability analysis of rolling motion of hypersonic vehicles and its validations

The stability of the rolling motion of near space hypersonic vehicles with rudder control is studied using method of qualitative analysis of nonlinear differential equations, and the stability criteria of the deflected rolling motions are improved. The outcomes can serve as the basis for further study regarding the influence of pitching and lateral motion on the stability of rolling motion. To validate the theoretical results, numerical simulations were done for the rolling motion of two hypersonic vehicles with typical configurations. Also, wind tunnel experiments for four aircraft models with typical configurations have been done. The results show that: 1) there exist two dynamic patterns of the rolling motion under statically stable condition. The first one is point attractor, for which the motion of aircraft returns to the original state. The second is periodic attractor, for which the aircraft rolls periodically. 2) Under statically unstable condition, there exist three dynamic patterns of rolling motion, namely, the point attractor, periodic attractor around deflected state of rolling motion, and double periodic attractors or chaotic attractors.