曲阜孔林野生动物资源的调查及保护措施

本文对世界最大的人造园林之一——曲阜孔林中的野生动物资源进行了全面的调查研究，并提出了具有针对性的保护措施及合理利用的设想和途径．     

几种野生花卉丛枝菌根发育状况的研究

丛枝菌根是自然界中,植物与真菌形成的分布最广泛的一类互惠共生体。作者对山东省的6种重要野生花卉小黄花菜(Hemerocallis minorMill.)、萱草(Hemerocallis fulvaL.)、琥珀千里光(Senecio ambraceusTurcz.)、矮鸢尾(Iris chamaeiris)、甘野菊(Dendranthema lavandulaefolium)、锦鸡儿(Catagana sinicaRehd.)的AM真菌的侵染状况、典型结构的发育状况以及其根际土壤中AM真菌的孢子密度和根际AM真菌的相对多度和频度进行了研究。结果表明,所调查的6种野生花卉都被AM真菌侵染,且可观察到典型结构泡囊,其根际土壤中AM真菌孢子密度也相当丰富。在本次调查中共分离到了5个属的AM真菌,其中无梗囊霉属和球囊霉属真菌是野生花卉根际AM真菌的优势类群。     

四棱豆“桂丰三号”主要性状观察初报

报道了“桂丰三号”的主要植物学特征、农艺性状和生长发育特性．“桂丰三号”是一个无限生长型的中晚熟品种,主蔓长３．５～４．５ｍ,其第１５～２０节开始着生花芽、第３～１０节上共长出３～７条侧蔓．３月１５日至６月３０日期间,从播种到开花约需７５天;７月１０日至２０日期间,从播种到开花约需５０天．３月至７月２０日期间,无论何时播种,其开花结荚盛期都在９月中旬至１０月中下旬。单株结荚数３０～５０荚,荚长１９ｃｍ,荚横断面呈正方型,每荚有１５粒种子,老熟种子黄褐色、圆形,千粒重３００ｇ。嫩豆荚淡绿色,成熟豆荚黑褐色．     

贵州野生水生植物的引种研究及评价

为充分发掘贵州野生水生植物资源,通过对贵州80余种野生水生植物的引种驯化,筛选出适合园林绿化观赏及生态治理的水生植物32种。其中挺水植物23种,浮叶植物6种,沉水植物3种。结合实际情况,将所引种植物分为4个等级进行评价,野生水生植物在具观赏性、药用性同时,通过植物吸收、挥发等功能还具有污水净化的作用。     

佛山新优特蔬菜周年生产模式研究

针对新优特蔬菜栽培制度问题,根据佛山地方气候特点,并结合蔬菜生物学特性,研究了不同类型蔬菜之间的搭配和布局问题,提出了大宗品种与精细品种搭配、近郊发展以短期叶菜为主、城市中远郊以粗细长短相结合、间套混作的立体栽培四种模式,为新优特蔬菜周年生产提供了技术保障。     

蕨菜护色技术及其罐头加工工艺研究

以鲜嫩蕨菜为原料,研究了蕨菜护色技术及其罐头的加工工艺.结果表明,用300×10-6的醋酸铜护绿液在pH6.5条件下浸泡30min,然后在95℃条件下漂烫2.0min,再用0.2%的氯化钙溶液常温下浸泡30min,护绿效果最好且能较好地保持蕨菜原有的质地.以4%的食盐溶液内含0.05%柠檬酸作为汤汁,杀菌式为10～15min 100℃,可保持蕨菜原有风味,且产品货架期可达1年以上.     

HPLC法同时测定植物饮料中7种绿原酸

建立一种同时测定植物饮料中7种绿原酸的HPLC法：采用C₁₈色谱柱,以乙腈+0.1%甲酸+0.1%乙酸作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为327 nm,参比波长400 nm。7种绿原酸检出限为0.25 mg/L,在0.5~20 μg/mL浓度范围内成线性关系,新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B、1,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C回收率分别为99.0%~108%、97.9%~101%、96.9%~102%、96.2%~106%、95.1%~96.7%、94.9%~99.6%、96.3%~108%。该方法简单、快捷、定性定量准确,可同时测定植物饮料中7种绿原酸。     

l-Lysine-Based Gelators for the Formation of Oleogels in Four Vegetable Oils

Supramolecular oleogel is a soft material with a three-dimensional structure, formed by the self-assembly of low-molecular-weight gelators in oils; it shows broad application prospects in the food industry, environmental protection, medicine, and other fields. Among all the gelators reported, amino-acid-based compounds have been widely used to form organogels and hydrogels because of their biocompatibility, biodegradation, and non-toxicity. In this study, four N^α, N^ε-diacyl-l-lysine gelators (i.e., N^α, N^ε-dioctanoyl-l-lysine; N^α, N^ε-didecanoyl-l-lysine; N^α, N^ε-dilauroyl-l-lysine; and N^α, N^ε-dimyristoyl-l-lysine) were synthesized and applied to prepare oleogels in four kinds of vegetable oils. Gelation ability is affected not only by the structure of the gelators but also by the composition of the oils. The minimum gel concentration (MGC) increased with the increase in the acyl carbon-chain length of the gelators. The strongest gelation ability was displayed in olive oil for the same gelator. Rheological properties showed that the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the oleogels varied with the carbon-chain length of the gelators and the type of vegetable oil. The microstructure of oleogels is closely related to the carbon-chain length of gelators, regardless of oil type. The highest oil-binding capacity (OBC) was obtained in soybean oil for all four gelators, and N^α, N^ε-dimyristoyl-l-lysine showed the best performance for entrapping oils.     

河南野生常绿阔叶木本观赏植物与园林应用研究

查清河南野生常绿阔叶木本植物资源计34科、58属、145种,筛选出黑壳楠(Lindera megaphylla Hemsl.)、红豆树(Ormosia hosiei Hemsl.et Wils.)、红果树(Stranvaesia davidiana Dcne.)等具有较高观赏价值和市场应用前景的计23科、35属、95种;对它们的资源、观赏特性、园林应用方式进行了综合评价;同时对它们的保护、开发提出了建议.     

Comparative studies of bioactive organosulphur compounds and antioxidant activities in garlic (Allium sativum L.), elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.)

We evaluated organosulphur compounds in Allium vegetables, including garlic, elephant garlic and onion, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Among organosulphur compounds, elephant garlic had considerable γ-glutamyl peptides, and garlic had the highest alliin content. Onion had low level of organosulphur compounds than did elephant garlic and garlic. In addition, antioxidant capacities were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The results showed that garlic had the highest antioxidant capacity, followed by elephant garlic and onion. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and organosulphur compounds (R > 0.77). Therefore, our results indicate that there was a close relationship between antioxidant capacity and organosulphur compounds in Allium vegetables.