混凝土湿喷台车臂架振动模态分析

以国内某公司喷浆台车SPTC25为研究对象,首先利用陀螺仪和加速度传感器在施工现场进行动力学测试,采集到关于臂架在实际施工时的角速度和加速度的时间历程曲线。然后通过数据处理和分析计算,得到臂架在仰俯工况下的振动频率和振幅,分别为1.18 Hz和0.092 m,回转工况下的振动频率和振幅分别为0.98 Hz和0.073 m。其次,对湿喷台车臂架建立了准确的有限元模型,并且进行了模态仿真分析,得到前三阶模态的固有频率和振型。结合隧道施工时的实际操作数据统计,最终得出结论,臂架在施工过程中长时间处于共振状态,使得振幅过大,这是臂架疲劳开裂的主要原因,也为后续湿喷台车臂架的研发和优化提供了新的分析思路。     

Infrared evidence for the folded-chain model of trans-1,4-polybutadiene

The influence of the first-order crystalline transformation at about 60°C on the infrared bands of trans-1,4-polybutadiene yields microscopic information that supports the two-component microcrystalline model of a folded chain having loose and tight end loops at the lamellar surfaces. The temperature dependence of the band parameters of the 908-cm^?1 vinyl band indicates that 1,2-(side vinyl) units are not easily taken into the crystalline component, thus forming long loops at the crystal surface that account for the micro-Brownian motion detected in the low-temperature phase. The results argue that infrared band parameters are excellent probes for details of the thermodynamics and morphology of polymers.     

Melt spinning of propylene carbonate‐plasticized poly(acrylonitrile)‐co‐poly(methyl acrylate)

The primary use of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) fibers, commonly referred to as acrylic fibers, is in textile applications like clothing, furniture, carpets, and awnings. All commercially available PAN fibers are processed by solution spinning; however, alternative, more cost‐effective processes like melt spinning are still highly desired. Here, the melt spinning of PAN‐co‐poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) plasticized with propylene carbonate (PC) at 175°C is reported. The use of methyl acrylate (MA) as comonomer and PC as an external plasticizer renders the approach a combination of internal and external plasticization. Various mixtures of PAN and PC used in this work were examined by rheology, subjected to melt spinning, followed by discontinuous and continuous washing, respectively. The best fibers were derived from a PAN‐co‐PMA copolymer containing 8.1 mol‐% of MA having a number‐average molecular weight M _n of 34 000 g/mol, spun in the presence of 22.5 wt.‐% of PC. The resulting fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and were subjected to mechanical testing.     

A mass conservative well‐balanced reconstruction at wet/dry interfaces for the Godunov‐type shallow water model

This paper presents a novel mass conservative, positivity preserving wetting and drying treatment for Godunov‐type shallow water models with second‐order bed elevation discretization. The novel method allows to compute water depths equal to machine accuracy without any restrictions on the time step or any threshold that defines whether the finite volume cell is considered to be wet or dry. The resulting scheme is second‐order accurate in space and keeps the C‐property condition at fully flooded area and also at the wet/dry interface. For the time integration, a second‐order accurate Runge–Kutta method is used. The method is tested in two well‐known computational benchmarks for which an analytical solution can be derived, a C‐property benchmark and in an additional example where the experimental results are reproduced. Overall, the presented scheme shows very good agreement with the reference solutions. The method can also be used in the discontinuous Galerkin method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上覆荷载作用下胀缩性土干湿循环过程中胀缩变形规律研究

进行了限制侧向膨胀、允许侧向收缩时压实膨胀土、压实红黏土在不同上覆荷载作用下干湿循环试验,定量分析了在干湿循环过程中膨胀土、红黏土的胀缩变形规律.研究结果表明:在相同的干湿循环次数下,膨胀土、红黏土试样的胀缩变形幅度随上覆荷载的增加而逐渐减小,上覆荷载的作用能够不同程度地抑制膨胀性土的胀缩变形.     

Influence Du Rapport Atomique Ca/P Initial Sur La Synthèse Sous Atmosphère Humide D’apatite

Abstract

Le comportement sous atmosphère humide des mélanges initiaux de la calcite et du di-ammonium hydrogénophosphate à différents rapport atomique (Ca/P)_initiala été étudié. L’analyse par diffraction des rayons X (DRX) montre que les produits obtenus ont tous une structure apatitique. Il montre la présence à côté de celle de l’apatite, des raies identifiables à la calcite pour des rapports atomiques initiaux supérieurs à 1.50. Par ailleurs, la spectroscopie d’absorption infrarouge (IR) révèle dans les différents cas, la présence autre que les bandes attribuables aux ions PO₄ ^3?dans une apatite, des bandes à 875 cm^?1caractéristique des groupements HPO₄ ^2?dans une apatite déficiente en ion calcium. De même, le traitement thermique à 1000°C des poudres synthétisés a mis en évidence que les apatites formées sont non st?chiométriques. Les analyses chimiques montrent, par ailleurs, que lorsque le rapport atomique Ca/P du mélange initial est inférieur à 1.50, l’apatite formée a un rapport atomique Ca/P égal à 1.58. Par contre, lorsque le rapport Ca/P initial est supérieur à 1.50, le produit formé est biphasique et a un rapport atomique Ca/P de 1.62. Ce rapport est dû essentiellement à la présence d’un excès de CaCO₃dans le mélange initial (DRX, IR).

Mots clés Apatite; atmosphère humide; calcite; hydrothermal; synthèse

Abstract The behavior, in a humid atmosphere, of the initial mixtures of calcite and diammonium hydrogenophosphate at different atomic ratio (Ca/P) was studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that all the products obtained have apatite structure. For initial atomic ratios greater than 1.50, the XRD analysis shows the presence of reflections different from those of apatite, which may be attributed to calcite. Analysis by infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy allows to distinguish between the two cases: in addition to the presence of bands due to the PO₄ ^3?ions in apatite further bands at 875 cm^?1characteristic of HPO₄ ^2?in apatite deficient with respect to calcium ions are observed. Similarly, the powders synthesized by heat treatment at 1000°C showed that nonstoichiometric apatites are formed. Chemical analyses show, that when the atomic ratio Ca/P of the initial mixture is less than 1.50, the apatite formed has an atomic Ca/P ratio of 1.58. When the initial Ca/P ratio is greater than 1.50, the product formed is biphasic and has an atomic ratio Ca/P of 1.62. This result is mainly due to the presence of an excess of CaCO₃in the original mixture (XRD, IR).     

Acidified,Wet, Silica-Supported Tetrabutylammonium Periodate: A Convenient and Mild Reagent for Conversion of Thioamides to Their Corresponding Amides Under Solvent-Free Conditions

A series of thioamides are transformed to their corresponding oxo analogues in good to excellent yields with acidified, wet, silica-supported tetrabutylammonium periodate under solvent-free conditions.     

Powder‐XRD and 14N magic angle‐spinning solid‐state NMR spectroscopy of some metal nitrides

Some metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN, InN, GaN, Ca₃N₂, Mg₃N₂, and Ge₃N₄) have been studied by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and ¹⁴N magic angle‐spinning (MAS) solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. For Ca₃N₂, Mg₃N₂, and Ge₃N₄, no ¹⁴N NMR signal was observed. Low speed (ν_r = 2 kHz for TiN, ZrN, and GaN; ν_r = 1 kHz for InN) and ‘high speed’ (ν_r = 15 kHz for TiN; ν_r = 5 kHz for ZrN; ν_r = 10 kHz for InN and GaN) MAS NMR experiments were performed. For TiN, ZrN, InN, and GaN, powder‐XRD was used to identify the phases present in each sample. The number of peaks observed for each sample in their ¹⁴N MAS solid‐state NMR spectrum matches perfectly well with the number of nitrogen‐containing phases identified by powder‐XRD. The ¹⁴N MAS solid‐state NMR spectra are symmetric and dominated by the quadrupolar interaction. The envelopes of the spinning sidebands manifold are Lorentzian, and it is concluded that there is a distribution of the quadrupolar coupling constants Q_cc's arising from structural defects in the compounds studied. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Preliminary Study on Preparation of the Aromatic/Aliphatic Co‐polyurea as Spun Fibers

Aromatic‐aliphatic co‐polyurea has been synthesized from 4,4 prime‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), m‐phenylene diamine (m‐PDA), and 1,6‐diaminohexane (HDA) in DMAc by solution polymerization. The chemical structure of the co‐polyurea has been characterized by ¹H‐NMR. The thermal properties of the copolymers were measured by DSC and TGA. The co‐polyurea solutions were spun into fibers by means of wet spinning. The effects of coagulation conditions on the morphologies and mechanical properties of the co‐polyurea as spun fibers are discussed.