蒙山脆枣与枣及酸枣亲缘关系的研究

以蒙山脆枣及山东省内的9个枣品种和32个酸枣类型(株系)为试材,采用形态学分析和RAPD分析,对蒙山脆枣与枣及酸枣的亲缘关系进行研究,并初步探讨了蒙山脆枣的起源及枣的演化过程。形态学性状数据主成分分析结果表明,蒙山脆枣第1主成分值为5.42,第2主成分值为0.64,介于枣品种和酸枣类型之间,地位较为特殊。对形态学性状数据聚类,结果表明,蒙山脆枣先与酸枣1号在6.40阈值处聚为一类,再与大枣品种的聚类群在11.75阈值处聚为1类之后,才与其它酸枣类型的聚类群聚为一类,显示出蒙山脆枣的分类地位介于枣和酸枣之间。进一步的RAPD分析结果表明,蒙山脆枣与酸枣亲缘关系较近。蒙山脆枣果实长2cm左右,外果皮较薄,中果皮较厚,平均单果重为3.64g,叶片纵横径为6.93cm×3.08cm,形态学性状与枣接近,推测蒙山脆枣可能为供试酸枣类型与枣品种的中间类型。     

D∞-APPROXIMATION OF PRODUCT VARIATIONS OF TWO PARAMETER SMOOTH SEMIMARTINGALES

Let X be a two parameter smooth semimartingale and (~X) be its process of the product variation. It is proved that (~X) can be approximated as D∞-limit of sums of its discrete product variations as the mesh of division tends to zero. Moreover, this result can be strengthen to yield the quasi sure convergence of sums by estimating the speed of the convergence.     

报纸周刊编辑误区探析

报纸类媒体从“月末版热”、“星期刊热”演进到如今的“周刊热”，显示了一个探索与发展的过程。面对当前的“周刊热”，作通过对众多周刊的深入研究，针对其中普遍存在的错误办报倾向与编辑理念进行了分析并提出了相应的解决方案。     

The genetic diversity of cen-tral and peripheral popula-tions of ratlike hamster(Cricetulus triton)

The impact of habitat fragmentation and isolation on the genetic diversity of populations has attracted much attention in studies of meta-population and conservation biology. In this work, using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, we studied the genetic diversity of central, peripheral and peninsular populations of ratlike hamster, which were collected in five locations of the North China Plain and its surrounding areas, in 1999. The study revealed that, ⅰ) the genetic diversity of central population of Raoyang County＞the sub-central populations of Gu'an County and Taikang County＞the peripheral population of Shunyi District＞the peninsular population of Mentougou District; ⅱ) the genetic diversities of the five populations were positively correlated to the nearest distances to the peripheral line of population distribution; ⅲ) there were significant differences of gene frequencies of some RAPD fragments among the five populations. More RAPD fragments disappeared in peripheral populations than in central or sub-central populations. The frequencies of two RAPD fragments were correlated to the latitude. This study clearly indicated that the variation of the genetic diversities of the five populations was caused by edge effect and frag- mentation through the enhanced inbreeding and genetic drift, and thus supported the view that habitat fragmentation and related edge effect reduce the population genetic diversity.     

Tail asymptotics for the fundamental period in the MAP/G/1 queue

This paper studies the tail behavior of the fundamental period in the MAP/G/1 queue. We prove that if the service time distribution has a regularly varying tail, then the fundamental period distribution in the MAP/G/1 queue has also regularly varying tail, and vice versa, by finding an explicit expression for the asymptotics of the tail of the fundamental period in terms of the tail of the service time distribution. Our main result with the matrix analytic proof is a natural extension of the result in (de Meyer and Teugels, J. Appl. Probab. 17: 802–813, 1980) on the M/G/1 queue where techniques rely heavily on analytic expressions of relevant functions. I.-S. Wee’s research was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant KRF 2003-070-00008.     

Simultaneous approximation for the Bézier variant of Baskakov-Beta operators

In the present paper, we study the rate of convergence in simultaneous approximation for the Bézier variant of the Baskakov-Beta operators by using the decomposition technique of functions of bounded variation.     

Tests for Varying G

In this note we consider a variable G cosmology which is consistent with observation and which had successfully predicted an ever expanding accelerating universe with a small cosmological constant amongst other things. Three further tests are proposed in this note: First, the inexplicable anomalous accelerations of the Pioneer spacecrafts can be explained. It is then shown that the observed shortening of the orbital periods of binary pulsars is in good agreement with this model. Finally, more general changes in orbital parameters are deduced, which may be observed in the future.     

Estimating tail probabilities of heavy tailed distributions with asymptotically zero relative error

Efficient estimation of tail probabilities involving heavy tailed random variables is amongst the most challenging problems in Monte-Carlo simulation. In the last few years, applied probabilists have achieved considerable success in developing efficient algorithms for some such simple but fundamental tail probabilities. Usually, unbiased importance sampling estimators of such tail probabilities are developed and it is proved that these estimators are asymptotically efficient or even possess the desirable bounded relative error property. In this paper, as an illustration, we consider a simple tail probability involving geometric sums of heavy tailed random variables. This is useful in estimating the probability of large delays in M/G/1 queues. In this setting we develop an unbiased estimator whose relative error decreases to zero asymptotically. The key idea is to decompose the probability of interest into a known dominant component and an unknown small component. Simulation then focuses on estimating the latter ‘residual’ probability. Here we show that the existing conditioning methods or importance sampling methods are not effective in estimating the residual probability while an appropriate combination of the two estimates it with bounded relative error. As a further illustration of the proposed ideas, we apply them to develop an estimator for the probability of large delays in stochastic activity networks that has an asymptotically zero relative error.      

Concentration factors for functions with harmonic bounded mean variation

We discuss determination of jumps for functions with generalized bounded variation. The questions are motivated by A. Gelb and E. Tadmor [1], F. Móricz [5] and [6] and Q. L. Shi and X. L. Shi [7]. Corollary 1 improves the results proved in B. I. Golubov [2] and G. Kvernadze [3]. Supported by NSFC 10671062.