基于摩擦磨损的KDP晶体固结磨料抛光垫优化

本文通过固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨的单因素试验探究固结磨料球中反应物种类、磨粒浓度、反应物浓度、基体硬度对摩擦系数、磨痕截面积和磨痕处粗糙度的影响,试验结果表明:KHCO₃固结磨料球对磨后磨痕对称性好,磨痕处的粗糙度值低;磨痕截面积随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加而增大,随基体硬度的增大而降低;磨痕处粗糙度随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加先降低后上升,随基体硬度的增大先上升后降低;摩擦系数受磨粒和反应物浓度影响不明显,随基体硬度的增大而降低。选择KHCO₃作为反应物,Ⅰ基体,磨粒浓度为基体质量的100%,反应物浓度为15%制备固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨后的磨痕轮廓对称度好且磨痕处粗糙度值低,以该组分制备固结磨料垫干式抛光KDP晶体,可实现晶体表面粗糙度Sa值为18.50 nm,材料去除率为130 nm/min的高效精密加工。     

Effect of Y2O3 on microstructural characteristics and wear resistance of cobalt‐based composite coatings produced on TA15 titanium alloy surface by laser cladding

The effects of Y₂O₃ on the microstructure, phase composition of the coatings, microhardness and wear resistance of cobalt‐based composite coatings prepared by laser cladding were investigated. The TA15 titanium alloy was selected as substrate which the cobalt‐based composite powder with different content of Y₂O₃ was cladded on. The microstructure of the coatings was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and metallurgical microscope. The phase structure of the coatings was determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and the microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings were measured by hardness tester and wear testing machine. The results show that the rare earth oxide Y₂O₃ can refine and purify the microstructure of the coatings, reduce the porosities and cracks and improve compactness of the coatings. Moreover the addition of Y₂O₃ improves the microhardness of the coatings and reduces the friction coefficient, thus improving the wear property of the coatings. And the wear resistance of the coating with Y₂O₃ has improved about 50 times; the highest value of microhardness in the coating is HV1181.1. And 0.8 wt% content of Y₂O₃ in the coating is the best choice for improving the microhardness and wear resistance of the coating. It is feasible to improve the microstructure and tribological properties of laser cladding coatings by adding of Y₂O₃. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of atomic oxygen irradiation on structural and tribological properties of polyimide/Al2O3 composites

To understand the effects of atomic oxygen (AO) irradiation on the structural and tribological behaviors of polymer composites, polyimide/Al₂O₃ composites were irradiated with AO in a ground‐based simulation facility. The structural changes were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total‐reflection FTIR, whereas the tribological changes were evaluated by friction and wear tests as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis of the worn surfaces. It was found that AO irradiation induced the oxidation and degradation of polyimide molecular chains, which increased the O concentration and decreased the C concentration in the composite surfaces. The destruction action of AO changed the surface chemical structure and morphology of the samples. Friction and wear tests indicated that AO irradiation decreased the friction coefficient but increased the wear rate of both pure and Al₂O₃ filled polyimides. In terms of the tribological properties, appropriate content of Al₂O₃ might be favorable for the improvement of tribological properties in AO environment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

炭纤维织物/环氧树脂基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了炭纤维织物/环氧(CF/EP)复合材料与45#钢在环-环端面干摩擦状态下的摩擦磨损特性,考查了制备工艺和MoS2与石墨不同配比等对CF/EP复合材料干摩擦性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料及其偶件磨损表面形貌.结果表明:半干法制备的环氧树脂体积分数为40%的CF/EP复合材料的摩擦系数稳定;纯CF/EP复合材料主要表现为粘着磨损特性;MoS2与石墨改性后复合材料摩擦磨损性能明显改善,质量比为1.5∶1的MoS2与石墨改性CF/EP复合材料具有最佳的摩擦磨损性能,其稳态摩擦系数为0.14～0.15,磨损量3.15×10-5 mg/r.     

轧辊用高钒高速钢的滚-滑动磨损性能及失效行为研究

在高应力滚-滑动(滑动率约10%)条件下,利用自制的磨损试验机研究了高钒高速钢的磨损性能,并利用电子显微镜分析了失效行为.结果表明:高钒高速钢的相对耐磨性是高铬铸铁(Cr20)的2倍以上.磨损失效形式为显微切削与疲劳剥落的复合,兼有碳化物碎裂.碳化物对磨损失效有重要作用,高铬铸铁中的杆状M7C3型碳化物易于弯曲、碎裂而在其内部形成大量裂纹,促进磨损表面产生大块的疲劳剥落;高钒高速钢中团块状VC硬度高、形态好、具有精细亚结构、不易碎裂,可有效地抵御显微切削和疲劳剥落,是高钒高速钢耐磨性优良的原因.     

不同载荷下3Cr13不锈钢涂层磨损寿命研究

在T-11摩擦磨损试验机上研究了不同载荷下高速电弧喷涂3Cr13不锈钢涂层的磨损寿命.提出载荷-涂层磨损寿命耦合的关系函数方程.通过对涂层磨损形貌观察,分析了不同载荷对磨损失效机制的影响.结果表明:当载荷较低时,涂层磨损寿命分散程度大,磨损主要失效机制为点蚀和剥落;当载荷较高时,涂层磨损寿命分散程度小,分层是引发涂层磨损失效的关键机制.     

铸型尼龙端面扭动与滑动摩擦学行为研究

为研究端面扭动摩擦特性,研制了端面扭动摩擦特性测量装置,进行了玻璃纤维增强铸型尼龙（MC尼龙）复合材料与45#钢在123 N法向载荷下的扭动与滑动摩擦学试验,扭动角位移幅值为60°和90°,使用扫描电镜观察MC尼龙复合材料磨损表面形貌,采用光学显微镜观察45#钢偶副表面转移膜形貌.结果表明：扭动摩擦的扭矩-角位移（T-θ）曲线随着循环次数的增加保持平行四边形,而摩擦扭矩随之升高;扭动状态下的摩擦系数高于滑动摩擦系数,扭动磨损后MC尼龙试样质量增加;滑动状态下的磨损机理主要为塑性变形和疲劳磨损,扭动状态下的磨损机理为更为严重的黏着磨损和疲劳磨损;滑动摩擦状态下,45#钢偶副表面形成了大面积连续的转移膜,扭动状态下,45#钢偶副表面只在接触中心区域有少量条块状转移物质.     

碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料磨损机理研究

以碳纤维为主要增强纤维,采用湿法工艺制备出1种纸基摩擦材料.研究了不同制动次数条件下样品的摩擦磨损行为,通过分析不同制动次数后样品磨损表面的粗糙度特征、三维轮廓形貌、微观形貌和热失重过程,探讨了碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料的磨损机理.结果表明：随着制动次数的增加,磨损表面粗糙度大幅度降低,材料磨损过程经历了从＂跑合磨损＂到＂稳定磨损＂的转变;材料在磨损过程中微凸体逐渐被磨平,孔隙逐渐被填充,表现出疲劳磨损的特征;磨损后样品表层的热重曲线在320～450℃之间出现了新的剧烈失重峰,表明产生了热磨损;但是磨粒磨损的特征并不明显.     

基于声发射原理监测涂层疲劳磨损的研究

采用超音速等离子喷涂设备在45^#钢基体上制备了铁基自熔剂合金涂层,通过球盘式接触疲劳试验机考察了喷涂层的疲劳磨损行为,利用声发射技术实时监测涂层的疲劳磨损过程,使用扫描电子显微镜对涂层不同疲劳磨损阶段的损伤形貌进行表征,并分析了涂层损伤机理.结果表明:转速2 000 r/min和应力水平1.848 9 GPa条件下,剥落是涂层失效的主要形式.声发射幅值和绝对能量可以反映涂层的疲劳磨损过程.涂层的疲劳磨损过程主要包括弹塑性变形、裂纹萌生、裂纹稳定存在、裂纹稳定扩展、裂纹失稳扩展5个阶段,其中裂纹稳定存在时间是影响疲劳寿命长短的关键.     

层片式复合材料摩擦性能与表面形态的研究

粉末冶金材料摩擦面上多组分的混合以及第三体的存在,不利于澄清材料中不同组分对摩擦性能的贡献程度.本文采用机械组合方法制备了铜-钢-铝层片式摩擦材料,通过定速摩擦试验机,在干、湿两种条件下,观察了3种组分的摩擦表面微结构随摩擦速度的变化过程,测试了不同条件下的摩擦性能.结果表明:铜良好的塑性和焊合性,易形成与基体黏附性良好的第三体,使表面的粗糙程度增加;钢较高的强度及其氧化物的脆性,形成的第三体流动性好且与基体的结合强度有限,容易发生开裂和脱落;铝形成的富氧化铝的第三体,其颗粒间较差的黏合程度易在表面弥散分布,使表面平整度好.在摩擦速度低于900 r/min条件下,水分的润滑作用使湿摩擦条件下的摩擦系数低于干摩擦;摩擦速度高于900 r/min时,水分的冷却和清理微细第三体颗粒的作用,降低了材料的软化程度和第三体的流动性,使湿摩擦系数大于干摩擦系数.